FORESTRY. °585 
there being, except for garden-spots, no irrigation by acequias. There are but few 
streams of water, and none that can be relied upon. Granite Creek, in the neighbor- 
hood of the post, is most of the time without running water, and the supply for the 
post is obtained from wells sunk in the bed of the creek. a 
The principal products in this vicinity are corn and potatoes. Good grazing is to 
be found in favorable seasons. 
CAMP LOWELL. 
Latitude, 32° 12/ 55’; longitude, 110° 52’ 55”. This post is located on:the Rillito, 
about eight miles south of the highest peak of the Santa Catarina Mountains, about 
seven miies east of Tucson, in Piina County, Arizona. Latitude, 32° 12’ north; longi- 
tude, 33° 49’ west; altitude about 2,550 fect above the sea by barometer.  ~ 
The Rillito River takes its rise by three distinct streams in the Santa Catarina 
Mountains. This river, or rivulet, and the branches which unite to form it, like the 
majority of the streams in Arizona, sink in many places, and, running under ground 
for some distance, rise again. It is insignificant in size at this point, but its bed en- 
larges as it descends to join the Santa Cruz, nine miles north of Tucson. Its waters 
cease to run above ground about a mile below the camp, and do not rise again until they 
join the Santa Cruz. The alluvial deposit at this camp is about two fect deep, resting 
on alayer of calcareous sedimentary deposit from two to four feet in thickness. Under- 
neath this is a layer of gravelly earth aliout fifteen feet thick, and below that a stratum 
of clay from one to two feet thick, when a bed of gravel of unknown thickness is 
reached, in which, at a depth of from five to ten feet, living water is obtained. 
The rainfall is chiefly in July and August, aggregating for an entire year from 7 to 
15 inches, 
Cottonwood grows at intervals on the banks of the Rillito and Santa Cruz, and in 
some places attains considerable proportions. 
There are forests of excellent white pine, interspersed with 2 few pitch pines, in the 
Santa Catarina and Santa Rita Mountains, but they are diffieult of access. The white 
ash and white oak attain a considerable size in the foot-hills in the eastern part of 
the reservation, and on the borders of the stream the alder and sycamore grow quite 
large. 
With few exceptions the mesquite trees are very small and stunted in the mesa, but 
in the valley of the Rillito, and in that part of the Santa Cruz Valley north of the 
San Xavier mission, south of Tucson, they grow "quite large—would make excellent 
lumber for some purposes, and are unsurpassed for fuel. 
The drainage of the post is natural, the ground being somewhat rolling. That por- 
tion of the water which is not absorbed by the soil passes off rapidly to the stream. 
CAMP THOMAS. 
There are no forests in the immediate vicinity of the post, timber being very scarce, 
consisting of only two principal varieties—cottonwood and mesquite. <A fine belt of 
the former grows along the banks of the Gila River, near which this post is situated. 
The growth is not dense, but the tree attains a considerable height, with a trunk of 
proportionate thickness. Cottonwood belongs to the genus Populus, a soft wood, and 
1s principally used in the construction of the houses of the country, being almost worth- 
less as fire-wood., 
Mesquite belongs to the class of hard-woed trees, and grows in fair quantity in the 
vicinity of the post, but sparsely on the adjoining plains. It attains a height of about 
thirty feet with proportionate thickness; its wood makes excellent timber for wagon 
spokes, &e. 
The elevation of this portion of the valley is approximately 2,500 feet above sea- 
level. The approximate annual rainfall is 14 inches. The values for the rainfall 
andelevation are approximations because there are no instrnments here by which to 
obtain the exact ones. 
CAMP VERDE. 
Latitude, 34° 37’; longitude, 111° 55’. Neither immediately nor within thirty miles 
in any direction from this post are there either forests or even trees of a respectable 
size. A few cottonwood grows on the banks of the Verde River and its tributaries ; 
a few oak, ash, and sycamore trees along Copper Cation Creek, and a few serub cedars 
and pifions are found on the foot-hills. There is not enough wood of any and all 
kinds found on the reservation to supply the post with fuel. On the Mogollon Mount- 
ains, from thirty to fifty miles distant from the post, and at an elevation of 6,900 feet 
and upwards, there are primeval forests of pine. In some places the growth is dense 
and the trees of respectable dimensions. These forests extend from the northwest to 
