Captain James Low on Bupp Ma and the Phrabdt. bis 
No. 11. 
Da Chang. The Siamese Thong Chai, or flag. 
No. 12. 
Pato. In Siamese, T'hong Thadat, the paper ensign. 
No. 13. 
Khan han ola. The royal palankeen, or covered litter. 
No. 14. 
In Siamese, That thang, or Chat thong, a sort of salver. 
No. 15. 
Wichani. In Siamese, P hatchani, a large fan, which kings only are privi- 
leged to have near them. 
No. 16. 
Sineru, or Meru.* The Meru Rat and Khai pramen of the Siamese. 
That the Sanscrit scholar may have an opportunity of comparing the Bali 
accounts of this celebrated mountain with those given by the Hindus, I shall 
here endeavour to describe it from them as summarily as the subject will 
admit. 
The Siamese say that Meru rests on three groups of hills, disposed like 
the supporters of an earthen fire-place.t 
The Burmese, agreeably to Sangermano’s account, cited by Dr. Buchanan, 
say that Mienmo or Meru rests on four feet of carbuncle. Wilford informs 
us that the followers of Bupp Ha, in Thibet, place the Garden of Eden at the 
foot of Meru, and toward the south-west, at the source of the Ganges. 
Meru was also the seat of the rulers of the earth. 
The earth, according to the Bali, from which the Siamese notions of it 
are taken, rests on water, the water on air; and beneath is a vacuum. And 
* Meru was the seat of the ruler of the world (Asiatic Researches, Vol. v.); consequently 
Inpra was king of some powerful empire. It is also supposed to have been a mountain near the 
city of Naishada, or Nysa, or Dionessopolis (Ibid.) ; and again, Meru is supposed to have stood 
in latitude 45°, in Tartary. (Vide ibid.) 
+ In the third volume of the Milinda Raja, already quoted, it is stated that the earth is 
suspended like water in the inside of an exhausted receiver, dhamma harka. 
