Captain James Low on Bupp ma and the Phrabdt. 89 
Liars fall into the hell called Rorziwa Naraka, and there are tormented for 
four thousand yogas. Four thousand years of man form a day and night 
in Dutsida Savan ; and four thousand years in this last are equivalent to 
a day and night of Rordwa Naraka. 
The guilty soul, when it again visits the earth, becomes a devil, or animal 
of hideous aspect. 
Drunkards and sots are precipitated into the Maha Rorizwa, or the 
great hell. 
Eight thousand earthly years equal one day and night in the heaven 
Nimanaratié ; while eight thousand of its years are the measure of a day 
and night in Maha Rortwa. 
K,jhama. Here the guilty remain for sixteen hundred of its years. 
Maha (or great) K,hama, where the wicked dwell one half of a Kalpa. 
Maha Awéché, where the guilty dwell for the period of one Kalpa. 
The punishments in all of these hells are proportioned to the crimes of 
the sinners. There is the Loha Kiimb,hé, or the iron cauldron hell, in which 
the sinner is boiled. The Samp,halé, where there are high trees, on which 
grow long spikes, and upon which sinners are transfixed ; while huge birds 
gnaw their flesh and tear them with their talons. The Asétot,iaka and 
Asinak ha, where are great lakes and reservoirs of freezing water, and fields 
of inextinguishable fire; and where the guilty are punished by being 
suddenly transported from one of these to the other. 
Tamp ho t,jhaka, where there are iron pots with liquid fire; and Pitsaka 
Baphata, where immense grinding stones and hills roll over and crush the 
wicked. 
Asiad a Naga, the hell of snakes; Sunak,ha, that of dogs. 
Yantapatsana, where the damned soul is hurled down from awful heights, 
and dashed on rocks. 
Kusa, where there is fire, from which no flame proceeds. ; 
Ayotuva. Balls and bars of red-hot iron are here prepared for the guilty 
to grasp in their hands, and bear on their shoulders. 
Each of the eight great hells is surrounded by sixteen lesser ones; and 
each of these again by forty still smaller ones: making fifty-seven in all for 
one group. Each group is inclosed by a massive iron wall, nine yojanas 
thick. In this are four gates, one at each face of the square. The whole 
of the hells, composing one Maha Naraka, amount to four hundred and 
fifty-six. The rulers in hell are in number sixty-four, and they sit in judg- 
Vor. III. N 
