122 Captain Jaurs Low on Buppma and the Phrabdt. 
Five Rivers. “The Yamuna had on its banks the city of Surapoor (Siamese Sira- 
buri), the capital of the Yaaris of Vrij.’* 
Manutsa. Mankind. There were Devas, observes Captain Sykes, who came from 
the Abhaswara Bhawana of BrauMa, and eat of the earth. They were led by Mana 
Samvat. 
Invra. He is the Tuor of Scandinavia, and wields the short hammer, or thunderbolt, 
which is the characteristic weapon of both. They were alike the benefactors and 
guardians of mankind. 
Naraka. Below the earth, and the waters under the earth, and the air under the 
waters, lies the Buddhist hell—the Scandinavian “ regions of dwarfs and black elves.” 
Chandra. The moon or crescent was Siva’s distinguishing mark, and was worn upon 
the forehead.+ 
Purtya Nax, Maha Naga, is represented in the Scandinavian cosmography as en- 
circling the world, and having his tail in his mouth. In this system he is termed 
YorMuNGANDAR, or earth’s serpent.{ Lieut.-Colonel Tod observes, in his Account 
of Mewar, that the serpent is an emblem of Bupp,1a, or wisdom, and was frequently 
conjoined with the lingam, as at the shrine of Lklinga, where the brazen serpent 
wound round the lingam. The serpent was the subtlest beast of the field in the earliest 
days of the world, and he was borne aloft as the brazen serpent. 
Buppa is confounded with the serpent, according to Lieut.-Colonel Tod, who 
states that Exta (query Hea), daughter of Iswara, son of the sun, was ravished 
by Bupp,wa, the serpent. Hence sprang the Manus. The rape of Venus by Mercury 
is represented, in temples at Pompeii and Portici, by a serpent entwining a lingam. 
Such, no doubt, was the origin of the brazen pillar at Constantinople, entwined by 
serpents, which survived the destroying zeal of the Mussulman invaders. ‘ The wars 
of the Pandus and Takshas, the professors of the old and new religion respectively, 
were typified by serpents and dragons.”§ 
Garupa. Kan (according to Lieut.-Colonel Tod), otherwise Kanya, had, like the 
Apollo of the Nile, a human form with an eagle’s head. The eagle of Visunu 
assimilates to the raven of Open, which last personage is termed in Scandinavian 
mythology the raven god, || 
Nawa. The ship—the ark. Baxper, of Scandinavia, had his ship. 
Eko Rukkho, the tree. In Ceylon, the pipal tree is said to have been planted by 
Duepna Camry, a king of the country, in the year 414 B.C. 
Bull, Cow, and Calf. The steed of Iswara and his consort Isa. The idolaters 
known to the Israelites worshipped the bull or cow, else they would not have formed a 
golden calf in the wilderness. 
* Colonel Tod’s Mewar, in the second volume of these Transactions. + Ibid. 
+ Vide Foreign Quarterly, No. vii. Art. Elder Edda. § Lieut.-Colonel Tod’s Mewar. 
|| Elder Edda, Foreign Quarterly. q Ibid. 
