Lieut.-Colonel Mixes on the Jainas of Gujcrat and Marwar. 339 
Of the five Gati, or migrations of life, those only are to be revered or 
worshipped who, being of the third, attain either of the five following grades 
of religious rank; namely, the Arhkanta, Sidd’ha, Airydnam (Aryaméd 2), 
Upad’hydya, and Sad’ hu. 
4th. Life pervades every particle of the universe ; these are all included 
in the general terms S?’hdvara and Jangama, which I believe signify bodies 
endued with faculty of motion and those without it. All bodies possess 
(Chétana) the sense of feeling or perception. 
5th. It is their opinion that any man by religious austerities and the 
practice of virtue may be united to the Sidd’ha, or become himself a 
similar Siddha. 
The deified Rajas or Tir?hancaras, and Sdménya Caivalyas or saints, 
have all become Stdd@’has from the merit of their actions and tapasyd. 
6th. Of all the orders of beings in the universe, man alone can attain 
immortality. The Stdd’ha only is immortal; the existence of even the 
deities being limited, and subject to the laws of carma, the metem- 
psychosis, &c. 
7th. In opposition to the Ndsticas or immaterialists, and the Criya-vddis 
or those who believe in the creation of the world, they denominate them- 
selves Carma-vadi. 
They say that the Sidd’ha is too exalted or remote to take any account of 
the actions of men—that he neither made the world, nor does he interest 
himself or interfere in its concerns. According to their tenets, the chief 
controlling power in all regarding sentient beings is Carma. This word is 
derived from the Sanscrit, and signifies an action, but, in their acceptation, 
it is understood to mean worthy and unworthy actions, and their retributive 
effect on the agent, in producing the happiness or misery which he ex- 
periences in the different passages or revolutions of his existence. On this 
ground they even proceed so far as to point out the particular evils or 
benefits resulting from a given act, both in the present life and in future 
births. 
It is to be remarked here, that the eight carma* or evil accidents of 
nature, which are stated to be, 1. Ignorance; 2. Infidelity and the pas- 
Jj 5 , ; 
* 1. Jn'ydnavaran'tya carma. 5. Védaniya carma. 
2. Mohantya do. 6. A’yu do. 
3. Dars'anavaran'tya do. 7. Nama do. 
4. Antardya do. 8, Gotra do, 
