350 Lieut.-Colonel Mixes on the Jainas of Gujerat and Mdrwar. 
PAR LAL, 
Tue word Jaina is said to be derived from the Sanscrit word Yatu, or 
Jélu, signifying to employ great care in the preservation of life: it is also 
said to be derived from jita,* denoting the conquest of the passions. 
The people known by this appellation are generally divided into three 
sects: first, the Swétdmbaras; second, the Digambaras ; and, third, the 
Béa@hamatis, or Buddhists. The subdivisions, however numerous, are I 
believe all resolvable into one or other of these three sects. 
The first is so called from the apparel of the priests, which is white. The 
Jainas of Gujerat are mostly of this sect. 
The word Digambara is derived from Dig (or Desa), a region; and 
ambara, clothing; signifying, I am told, that they should use no other 
covering than the air. The Sdd’hus of this sect, by their rules, ought at 
all times to remain perfectly naked ; they however are said to wear cloths 
of different colours. The Digambaras are most numerous in Rajpitina 
and northern Hindustan. 
The third or Buddhists are scarcely known in the western part of India; 
they are however included by the learned of the Jainas among their sects.t 
These sects or divisions are called by the vulgar among the Jainas Déria, 
Moria, and Gédria ; names derived from the materials of the broom which 
the priests of the Jainas and Buddhists carry about with them. 
The first, or Déria, are the followers of Bupp’Ha; the Sdd’hus, or religious 
class of these, are said to use the tail of the Tartarian cow for their owgha 
or broom; the second, or the Méria, are the Digambaras, whose priests 
employ the feathers of the peacock for that purpose; the third are the 
Swétambaras, who use a broom of wool. 
The Jainas of all sects consist properly of only two classes, the Sdd’hu 
and Srdvaca, or the priesthood and laity.t 
The word Sdd’hu signifies, as I am informed, a man who subdues his 
passions, and performs well the duties of his religion. The Srdvaca is a 
— 
* The word Jaina is a regular derivative from Jina ; in the same manner as Baudd’ha is from 
Buddha.—G. C. H. 
+ It is singular that the large figure of RisHAB’HAp£VA, at Satrunjaya or Pali-t’hanna, is 
called by the S'rdvacas A’p1-Bupp’Ha, or the first Bupp’HA. 
t The Sdd’hwi and S'révacd are the females of those classes. 
