536 Professor Rasx’s Remarks on the Zend Language. 
of the Magi must have been delivered in Zend long before it was preached 
in Pahlavi or Parsi. Thus a great number of angels, and other celestial or 
infernal beings, derive their names in Pahlavi and Parsi from the Zend ; and 
although the signification may now be obscure even in this language, as a 
dead one, of which the knowledge remains to be recovered, yet the Zend 
form of the words is evidently the genuine and original one, because their 
terminations are here common ones, and their component parts recur 
frequently in other combinations, which shows they must have been ssignifi- 
cant forms and words in this language, afterwards corrupted in Pahlavi and 
Parsi, so as to convey no meaning whatever ; for instance, Ahuré mazddo, 
Pahlavi Anhuma, Persian 4;0,\. The Pahlavi may be a corruption of Elohim 
perhaps (instead of Alhuma), but the Parsi is evidently borrowed from the 
Zend, in which language Ahuré, corresponding to the syllable .,!, is no 
part of the name of the Deity, but an epithet used even about other 
beings, and meaning, I suppose, holy or most holy. Mazddo only is the 
proper name, therefore the adjective is always dropped in composition ; 
for instance, Mazda yagné “ a votary of Ormuzp,” Mazda-ditd “ given by 
Ormuzp,” &c. Agro mainyus is corrupted to Ahriman, which has no 
distinct signification, whereas the Zend expression contains clearly an 
adjective in the masculine. Agro, “bad,” “ evil,” and a substantive masculine 
mainyus, “ spirit,” derived from the above-mentioned neuter mand, “ mind,” 
and analogous to the expression dus-mainyus, enemy, Persian 0, Greek 
durevns, Ame@esho ¢pe@nté is in Pahlavi corrupted to Amhuspand, in Parsi 
saielt-el which is equally void of sense in both languages: the Zend 
expression consists of a substantive and an adjective ; the former I take to 
be properly the name of archangels, the adjective ¢p@ntd means eacellent, 
exalted, and occurs frequently in other combinations; for instance, in the 
beginning of Jzeshne, Ormuzp is styled Mainyus gp@entitamd, i.e. spiritus 
excellentissimus. Missro (which is instead of Missras), is called in Pahlavi 
Matin, and in Parsi ,-< (Mihr), from the Greek Midees. I think it is 
clear that the Zend is the true form of the name. Qshapré wairyd is in 
Pahlavi changed to Shatevin, in Parsi to jy» »-4 (Shahriver), which has no 
meaning ; the Zend again is composed of a substantive Qshapro, a king, 
and an adjective wairyo, which the Parsis use to translate elf o\,<. The first 
part of the word is both in Pahlavi and Pérst confounded with shdipre, a 
