114 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



the exposed surface of the wood. Standards to be felled are 

 marked in the same manner, at a distance of 3 or 4 feet from 

 the ground, but no hammer-mark is made. The standards and 

 underwood are then sold by public auction, to one purchaser, on 

 a felling area of 22 acres. After the felling a counting, or 

 " recolement," is made by the Inspector, to see that no hammer- 

 marked tree has been felled. 



The buyer is allowed eighteen months for the clearing away of 

 the trees. During the autumn, before the buyer leaYCs, young 

 oaks are planted. 



In the private forest the underwood is sold in September, and 

 cut in the following December. Afterwards, the standards are 

 marked and sold, either singly in the case of large trees, or in 

 lots of about ten where the trees are of medium size. In this 

 forest only the trees to be felled are marked, and then two marks 

 are inserted on opposite sides, so that at least one mark always 

 remains uppermost when the tree is felled. 



High Forest. — After the Napoleonic wars, a large number of 

 oak trees as well as Scots pine were planted in the State forest, 

 one quarter of which was practically bare heather land till 1848. 

 In the private forest certain sandy areas were planted up with 

 Scots pine about 1863. 



These pine woods are thinned out at the same time as coppice, 

 viz., about every six years ; such thinnings go on until the woods 

 are seventy years old, when a heavy felling is made, and oak is 

 planted, whilst birch springs up abundantly to serve as under- 

 wood. Finally, all the pine are gradually removed, and the 

 coppice-with-standards system is again introduced. 



These Scots pine poles are valuable for the mines as pit timber, 

 etc. ; and according to their diameter and length they are marked 

 by cuts, and classed accordingly, each class having a fixed value 

 per 100. Thus in the private forest the following classes occur: — 



Length in Feel. 



Marks. Value per 100. 



19* 



23 



26 

 29I to 33 

 29i: M Zl 

 29-! .. 33 



O. 

 I. 



II. 

 III. 

 IV. 



V. 



8s. 

 19s. 



27s. 6d. 



51s. 6d. 

 103s. 

 178s. 



