156 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



by the 4th of November 1903. The latter was sold on the 29th 

 of January 1904, and by the loth of May the areas were cleared 

 of timber, and the oak plants had begun to appear. 



On the 20th we went from Lichtenau to Lohr, and thence to 

 Bamberg, a manufacturing town of about 30,000 inhabitants. 

 We spent the night at Bamberg, and on the following day 

 visited the Forest of Hauptsmohr. The soil in this forest is 

 alluvial sand in the upper portions, and almost pure sand in the 

 lower. A number of the trees have been exported to England. 

 The forest is 5 miles long from north to south, and is situated partly 

 on elevated ground, 7703 acres in extent. The western and 

 southern portions are level, and consist of sand. In the east it 

 rises to from 830 to 11 00 feet. On the south and west the soil 

 is poor, and reduced in quality owing to the removal of litter. 

 Scots pine covers by far the greater part of the forest. Scots 

 pine, beech, and larch are the principal trees, while subordinate 

 to them are oak, Weymouth pine, silver fir, and aspen. Scots 

 pine and spruce are good in the eastern parts, but poor in the 

 west. Larch thrives well, and some fine specimens are to be 

 seen, propagated by sowing. Beech is only dominant in a few 

 places. The object of management is to grow Scots pine chiefly, 

 mixed in some places with beech and larch, and worked with 

 the rotation of 120 years. Regeneration is by sowing in strips 

 from east to west, and the falls are always made against the 

 prevailing wind, from N.E. to S.W., while the strips cleared are 

 not to be broader than the height of the trees. The trees are 

 clear-felled, and the soil is prepared by raking and hoeing, accord- 

 ing to its nature. Sowing is done immediately thereafter. If 

 felling takes place in winter, the seeds are sown in spring. The 

 sowing is with two-thirds Scots pine and one-third spruce, and two 

 to three years afterwards blanks are planted. Where larch will 

 grow, it is sown at the rate of i to 2 pounds per acre, Scots pine 

 at 10 to 12 pounds per acre. The latter is planted, when one 

 year old, at the rate of 12,000 to the acre; but on heavier soil 

 ball-plants are put in, at the rate of 4000 to the acre. 



On our visit we noticed that a good deal of harm had been 

 done by the pine-spinner {Gastropacha pini). It frequently 

 destroys the plants altogether if it attacks them two years in 

 succession; but it can be exterminated by the trees being 

 sprayed in July or August, at a cost of 8s. per acre. 



Severance-cuts are not made later than at 40 to 50 years. 



