170 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



where there are so many university and collegiate centres of 

 instruction, so many eminent professors engaged in investigations 

 as well as in teaching, and so many highly-trained foresters 

 employed in the management of the vast woodlands. 



Among the leading articles in the Allgemeiiie Forst- und Jagd- 

 Zeitung, the longest, and perhaps the most important from a 

 practical point of view, is one on the " Protection of Woodlands 

 against Storms," by Forstmeister B. A. Bargmann. Our own 

 periodical losses in the British Isles are heavy every ten or twelve 

 years ; while in Germany it is calculated that, at a low estimate, 

 wind-falls average about 1,225,000 cubic feet annually. The most 

 destructive storms recorded there took place in December 1868 

 (when over 245,000,000 cubic feet were thrown), in October 1870 

 (when over 390,000,000 cubic feet were thrown), in March 1876 

 (over 154,000,000 cubic feet), in February 1894 (over 105,000,000 

 cubic feet), and on 31st January and 1st February 1902 (over 

 58,000,000 cubic feet). A careful and painstaking study is made 

 of the storms and the storm literature of the nineteenth century, 

 and the subject is considered from the four main points of view — 

 (i) Management or Working-Plans, (2) Sylviculture, (3) Pro- 

 tection, and (4) Utilisation of Woodland Produce. Unfortunately, 

 space does not allow of anything more being given here than 

 a summary of the conclusions he arrives at ; and it must of course 

 be borne in mind that he is dealing with the conditions of large 

 compact blocks of forest, and not with comparatively small 

 isolated patches like the great majority of British woodlands. 

 Bargmann's deductions from his studies are as follows: — 



(a) As regards Manage )iieiit or Working-Plans — 



1. When the main local danger arises from winds coming 



from some other quarter than the generally prevailing 

 heavy winds (which usually come from W., N.W., and 

 S.W.), this fact must be taken into consideration in 

 laying out the Compartment lines. And such net- 

 work should be at an angle of about 45° to this 

 local direction of greatest danger, no matter whether 

 or not this necessitates the lines running at right 

 angles to the horizontal. 



2. The network projected for the forming of Compartments 



should not necessarily be based entirely or chiefly on 

 the existing roads. 



