NOTES ON CONTINENTAL FORESTRY. 171 



3. Broad open drives cleared even along ridges and other 



exposed parts are often very useful for protection 

 against wind — but only when they are cleared to 

 their full breadth in crops still quite young. And 

 the same applies to such Compartment lines as follow 

 ridges. 



4. Wherever possible, the broad side of each Compartment 



should face the direction from which the most 

 dangerous winds are expected. 



5. In general, — especially for silver fir, and except for 



spruce, — the (Saxon) system of fixing the annual 

 fall on considerations affecting each crop individually 

 is preferable to forming regular series of falls, even 

 should such series be short. 



6. Severance-cuttings made early are an excellent means 



of protecting adjoining crops. 



(b) As regards Sylviculture and Utilisation — 



1. Natural regeneration in family patches and groups is 



the best way of securing protection, because it is the 

 only way of growing the trees so that they are always 

 given the best conditions for resisting the violence 

 of storms. 



2. For artificial regeneration, planting is preferable to 



sowing. 



3. Mixed crops (of conifers and broad-leaved trees) should 



everywhere be cultivated as much as possible, as 

 being one of the simplest and best means of protect- 

 ing woodlands against storms. 



4. Thinnings should begin as soon as possible, and be 



repeated frequently. 



5. Good wind-breaks or shelter-belts should be made 13 feet 



back from the edge, and then either planted wide and 

 thinned heavily, or else planted close and not thinned 

 at all (the former being preferable). 



6. All young spontaneous growth of trees should be care- 



fully protected. 



7. The falls of timber should proceed, as much as possible, 



straight in the direction of the most dangerous wind, 

 and with the broad side facing it. 



