202 TRANSACTIONS OF ROYAL SCOTTISH ARBORICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



till they vanished in the stiff tenacious soil on the one hand, and 

 the hard brashy soil on the other. 



The total nursery area included within the fence is about i acre, 

 but a strip on the north side 8 yards wide is planted on the lower 

 half, alternately with Cupressus macrocarpa and common silver 

 fir, as shelter to the nursery from cold spring winds, and these are 

 continued for a short distance along the west side. The nursery 

 proper contains about 3 roods 24 poles. 



In the spring of 1902 the nursery was planted as follows (see 

 Plan) :— 



Break I, 3-feet cherry plum {Fninus mirobaland) (4), 2-feet 

 beech (5), 2-feet ash (6), 3-feet oak (7), 3-feet elm (8), 3-feet 

 Cotoneaster Simonsii (9), 2-year i-year Scots and Austrian pines 

 (10), 3-year seedling spruce (11), 2-year seedling Scots pine (12). 

 Break II. was sown with tares, in order to keep the land clean 

 and to act as manure, as were also the borders (2) round the 

 outside of the nursery, with the exception of a portion (3) on 

 the south side which was used for seed-beds. Break III., 2-year 

 seedling larch (13). Break IV., 2-year seedling silver fir (14), 

 2-year seedling spruce (15), 2-year seedling Scots pine (16), and 

 i-year seedling larch (17). In the main borders (i) on either 

 side of the centre walk cypresses were planted. 



I first noticed signs of damage to the various plants in the 

 first week of August 1902, on returning from a three weeks' 

 holiday. By the end of that month the damage had become 

 serious, and in order to save the undamaged plants, I was 

 obliged to lift first the Scots and Austrian pine and the spruce in 

 Break I., then the Scots pine in Break IV., and the cypresses in 

 the main borders. Following this came the seedling Cupressus 

 macrocarpa and Pinus insignis, from seed sown in the previous 

 May. By this means we exposed, counted, and destroyed a large 

 number of chafer grubs. 



Finding that the roots of the pasture outside the nursery on the 

 north and south sides were simply alive with grubs, I made a 

 trench, 2 feet deep, right round the nursery, in order to prevent 

 them coming in, which they unquestionably did. I then stripped 

 all the turf on the nursery side of the trench, and got a large 

 number by this means. A point worth noting is the fact that 

 the grubs which had been feeding on the roots of the grass 

 seemed better nourished than those which had fed on the forest- 

 tree roots. In all we destroyed three thousand large grubs. 



