355 
OBSERVATIONS ON CEREBRAL LOCALIZATION. 
By JAMES ROLLIN SLONAKER. 
Ever since Hitzig! in 1870 sent a voltaic current through the brain of 
a wounded soldier and noticed a certain movement of the eyes, numerous 
investigators have been busy furthering our knowledge of cerebral locali- 
zation. 
Fritsch and Hitzig followed this discovery with many experiments on 
the cerebral hemispheres of the dog and noticed that stimulation of certain 
areas produced definite muscular movements on the opposite side of the 
body. 
These experiments started many other investigators, among whom 
may be mentioned Ferrier,’ Munk,® Horsley and Schafer, Heidenhain,’ and 
Beeyor and Horsley." The results of these and many later investigations 
have formed the basis of an exact cortical localization in the brain of man. 
Numerous surgical operations and pathological observations have added 
to our fund of knowledge, so that now the cortical areas governing certain 
movements in man are quite definitely known. However, each new case 
will further prove and assist in making the localized areas in man more 
definite. With this in view I present the following data which I have 
gathered from the subject: 
Mr. Ralph R. Laxton of Atlanta, Ga., met with an accident which 
fractured the skull near the median line in the Rolandic region. <A_ por- 
tion of the bone was removed to relieve the pressure on the brain. As life 
was despaired of no metal plate was introduced, but the scalp simply 
closed over. ‘The wound healed and the subject finally recovered. The 
external condition of the weund after recovery is that there is a more or 
less circular depression about one and a half inches across, due to the 
1 Hitzig, Reichert u. Du Bois-Reymond’s Archiy., 1870. 
2 Ferrier, The Functions of the Brain, London, 1886. 
’ Munk, Die Functionen der Grosshirnrinde, Berlin, 1877-1880. 
+ Horsley and Schafer, On the Functions of the Marginal Convolution, Pro- 
ceedings of the Royal Society, No. 281, March, 1884. Horsley, British Medical 
Journal, Vol. IT, 1884. 
®* Weidenhain, Pfitiger’s Archiv f. Physiologie, 1881. 
®° Beevor and Hersley, A Record of the Results Obtained by Electrical Excitation 
of the so-called Motor Cortex and Internal Capsule in an Orang-Outang (Simia 
satyrus), Phil. Trans. Royal Soec., Vol. 181, B, 1890. 
