397 
air at times. Sometimes the cultures become infected with yeast, which 
will develop in a normal manner, seemingly not affected as is the mould. 
The antiseptic in the cranberries was weakened by the cooking, and it 
made little difference whether the vessel in which they were cooked was 
open or closed, development occurring in the same time in both. It is 
probable that the contained acid would evaporate to a greater extent if 
the cooking had been done on a stove, as they are cooked ordinarily, in- 
stead of in the enclosed sterilizer. It is also probable that some of the 
antiseptic property is due to the astringent present. which is said to be 
destroyed in the cooking’, and which gives the raw cranberry its unpleasant 
taste. This is further borne out by the fact that the effect produced on 
the mould is different from that produced by the benzoate, used either as 
a sait or acid. 
In nearly all the experiments with other media, in which sodium ben- 
zoate was used, in the lesser amounts, the organisms though delayed in 
germination, and at first forming an abnormal development, apparently 
became accustomed to their environment, and later developed fairly nor- 
“mally, which is different from the result in the cranberry juice, in the lat- 
ter the restrictive effect persisted. 
CONDIMENTS. 
salt. 
sugar, celery, cinnamon, cloves, garlic. ginger. mace, mustard, paprika, 
The condiments used were those which are used in ketchup 
black, white, and red pepper, and vinegar. Along with these acetic acid 
and alcohol were also tested. With the exception of the cinnamon and 
cloves, the other spices showed slight antiseptic properties, so are not re- 
ported. They were tested in the form of infusions, made according to the 
method of the U. 8. pharmacopoeia*, also as acetic acid and oil extracts. 
The ordinary table salt and sugar were used. The quantities of the con- 
diments used in the report were determined after a series of experiments 
had been made to locate their point of inhibition. 
1 Willis, C. R., Practical Flora, p. 174, 1894, 
*U. S, Dispensatory, 19th ed., p. 651. 
