410 
The germination and subsequent development indicate that the pre- 
servative affected the conidia deleteriously, as some were retarded, while 
the conidia from the solutions showing the strongest effects on the previous 
development, did not germinate, except from the 2% boric acid solution 
which formed a few submerged colonies, no surface development taking 
place. Lafar’ states that the waterproof character of the conidial walls 
has a value in preventing the entrance of poisons to the protoplasm, but 
in the cases noted it is either dissolved by the chemicals or powerless to 
prevent their passage, for the results indicate that they exercised a de- 
cided toxic effect on the protoplasm. 
SUMMARY. 
Salt and sugar injure the plant by preventing normal action of the 
protoplasm through plasmolysis. 
Aleohol hardens the protoplasm and walls and prevents development. 
Cranberry juice, both raw and cooked, retards development and causes 
shrinkage, though not having the appearance of the shrinkage due to plas- 
molysis. 
All of the other chemicals tested acted as poisons on the protoplasm, 
retarding development and causing abnormal swelling and disorganiza- 
tion of varying degrees of intensity on both the protoplasm and cell mem- 
brane. 
Lafayette, Ind. 
EXPLANATION OF PHOTOGRAPHS. 
The photographs have the same magnification, 895, so that compatri- 
sons may be made as to the effect of the preservatives. The specimens 
were submerged colonies in all cases except the raw cranberry and cinna- 
mon, and no submerged colonies developed in these solutions. The en- 
deavor was to have all of the same age, but this was impossible, as some 
developed much more rapidly than others, and in those which were slow 
in developing it was impossible to determine the changes which the conidia 
may have been undergoing before the development had attained the colony 
stage. The submerged colonies were used as soon as they made their 
appearance. In some of the specimens that show little or no swelling the 
disorganization can be seen in the collapsed ends of the hyphie and the 
floating fragments of protoplasm. 
1 Lafar, F., Technical Mycology, Vol. II, Part 1, p. 40. 
