398 
sides from three directions, viz., south, west and north. The valley to the 
north empties into Griffey Creek, a part of the drainage system of the 
West Fork of White River. The valleys to the west and south empty into 
Clear Creek, a part of the drainage system of the East Fork of White 
River. 
No similar pond is nearer than two miles. The nearest perennial water 
is in springs .33, .566 and .66 miles distant, and 100, 146 and 165 feet re- 
spectively below the level of the pond. The accompanying profiles indi- 
cate these slopes graphically. Fig. II. These statements indicate the isola- 
tion of the pond. 
Fig. 2. Profiles of valleys leading away from hill on which pond is located, from 
pond to closest permanent water in each valley. 
The pond is formed by solution in the Mitchell limestone which caps 
the hill to a depth of 50 feet and overlies the Bedford limestone, both 
being formations in the Mississippian series. ‘The details of the formation 
of this pond are not different from those of any other of this region, conse- 
quently a general discussion will probably be more enlightening. 
The development of sinkholes is coincident with that of subterranean 
drainage systems. Both depend upon two conditions: First, the presence 
of soluble rock, usually limestone; second, the movement of the solvent 
(meteoric water, containing as it always does, carbonic acid), through the 
rock. 
In order to have a movement of meteoric water through the rock, it is 
necessary to have an outlet below the general level of the country. This is 
secured by the invasion of surface drainage. <A study of the topography 
of 2 limestone region shows that in general the sinkholes are formed on 
the periphery of the valleys. 
100 
140 
165 
