118 
Naturally, the region is a splendid fruit country, especially for apples; 
but spraying is unknown, and the stock has degenerated. Therefore the 
trees bear abundant crops of gnarled, sour fruit. One mountain woman 
told us to take as many apples as we wished, since they were of no value 
except to sharpen the teeth on. Often apples are sold for ten celts per 
bushel, are given away, or rot; cause, poor transportation. 
Manufacture. 
Manufacturing within the region always has been meagre, primitive, 
and for local use, except in the case of salt in the early days. 
In 1901 Bell and Boyd counties contained 172 manufacturing establish- 
ments, with an aggregate capital of $5,201,489, an amount which was more 
than one-half of that invested in manufactures in all the thirty-five coun- 
ties in 1910. The cause for the emergence of these two counties is the 
recent growth of Ashland and Catlettsburg on the Ohio River, and Mid- 
dlesboro near Cumberland Gap, a local supply of coal being the factor in 
each case. Hazard and Jenkins soon will rank as manufacturing cities. 
The status of manufacturing for 1900 is indicated in the following 
table: 
| 
| Capital | Men, 16. | Women: | Chil 
| 
|Establish-| Per Years | 16 Years dren Canter Value of 
ments. |Establish-| and and | Under apita". | Products. 
ment. | Over. Under. 16. 
* ae > cca | | 
Kentucky Mountains. . | 1,156 $7,221 4,853 44 85 $8,347,993 $11,993,195 
- | | 
Kentucky.......... 9,560, 10,886) 51,101 9,174 2, 687|104,070,791, 154,166 365 
| 
The mills are small and are driven by water, animal, and hand power. 
Machine made goods from the outside have supplanted the linsey-woolsey 
cloth, counterpanes, and baskets formerly made in the cabins. But, 
recently, the ‘missionary and settlement schools have begun to sell such 
goods outside of the mountains for the people, to supply cash, and there- 
fore the industries are reviving, in part. The W. C. T. U. Settlement School 
at Hindman, for example, sold $1,800 worth of such goods last year. 
Distilling always has been a widespread industry in the mountains, 
since thereby corn, the chief crop, is converted into a product which can be 
marketed with profit, and since the custom has been inherited. Illicit dis- 
tilling increased greatly after the imposition of the liquor tax of the Civil 
