130 
would eat me out of home.” Sometimes the mountaineer is disappointed 
in his hospitality to strangers. 
There is a kindly, affectionate courtesy for one another among the 
people, which, it is hoped, will survive. 
There is such a great need for improvement in sanitation that what 
has taken place is negligible. 
The native is accustomed to work in his fields by seasons, with 
periods of rest between. During an ‘off’ period in September but two 
men were seen at work in the field during eleven days of travel. It has 
been his wont to work during the favorable time, or when the larder is 
empty; or to rest during the unfavorable season, or while provisions are 
at hand. Therefore, in general, the population is unsuited to the routine 
of work in the mines, the manufacturing plant, and the lumbering camps, 
now appearing in the region under the control of outside capital. Fur- 
thermore, it is without a disposition to codperate. Hence such workers 
are at once the despair and menace of the employer and the labor union. 
Consequently, foreign labor is imported, and the mountain man is in the 
way, as was the Indian. He will not necessarily become happy if, to meet 
modern industrial conditions, he throws off lightly his old attitude toward 
life gained through centuries of adaptation in the mountains. A few of 
the most versatile natives are profiting by the rapid changes; but the 
great majority, formerly independent land-owning farmers, are not. Many 
are seeking employment in mill or mine, or are contracting to the head- 
waters. It is significant that the leaders in the mountains, native and 
mission, deplore the rapid advance of industry into the region, and that 
they are bending every effort to prepare a civilization over a century in 
arrears, to meet the rude shock of the worst of our culture. In the 1911 
term of court, Perry County, being invaded rapidly by railway construc- 
tion, had nearly 600 cases; Owsley County, without access to railways, 
had less than 40 cases. A mountain guide in Pound Gap lamented, “The 
’ 
deyil is coming into the mountains on wheels.’ Wight years ago I re- 
joiced with a clean cut, delightful, energetic man who was returning home 
from the Kentucky mountains buoyant because he had doubled his for- 
tune by securing some of the primitive forest at an absurdly low price. 
He was bringing wealth and good cheer to his northern family. Now, 
with those slopes in mind, deforested, gullied, scorched, and sold (‘“‘un- 
loaded’), I am glad that I did not smoke then, for I probably should have 
acceped some of his fine Hayanas. The rapid exploitation of the natural 
