169 
found only along the wet (often submerged) banks of streains or in river 
swamps or sloughs. The local distribution has been carefully worked out 
by Deam.' While not as large a tree as in the South Atlantic and Gulf 
States the species as found in Indiana often reaches a height of 145 feet 
and a diameter of six feet. The species may be regarded as having entered 
the State in the period of flooded streams, maintaining its foothold in situ- 
ations unfavorable for the ordinary species of this latitude. Vhe areas in 
which the species occurs in the State are being rapidly reduced by agricul- 
tural operations and ifs disappearance from the tree flora of the State 
seems inevitable. 
The Pecan (Hicoria Pecan) nowhere wanders far from the lowlands 
adjoining river courses. The species has been so largely cultivated in the 
State both for ornament and fruit that its original locations in the State 
are difficult to make out. Unquestionably its mass occurrence was in Knox, 
Gibson and Posey counties. Its occurrence in Vigo County, reported by 
W.S. Blatchley, is unquestionable, but may be regarded as exceptional. A 
record of its occurrence in Fountain County recorded in Indiana Geological 
Report, 1882. Vol. 11, p. 122, is of doubtful validity and may safe:y be 
disregarded. The remaining citation from Jefferson County (A. H. Young) 
is based upon a single tree located in the river bottoms near Hanover. It 
stood alone in a large bottom land, otherwise destitute of trees. It Was 
near a dwelling and for this reason and because of its small size, it is a 
fair inference that it was a cultivated form. It is to my mind certain that 
the pecan as a member of the Indiana tree flora is mainly confined to the 
three southwestern counties, but extending in greatly reduced numbers 
northward as far as Vigo County. In any event, the northeastern limit of 
the species is reached in these locations. The trees are smaller than those 
of more southern and western localities and according to Deam, “only 
about one-fourth of the native trees ever bear fruit and only about one out 
of every ten trees is a profitable nut-bearing tree.” This southern and 
western form probably entered our area at about the same time and under 
the same physical conditions as the Bald cypress. 
The Over Cup Oak (Quercus lyrata Walt.) according to Sargent occurs 
in “river swamps and small deep depressions on rich bottom lands, usually 
wet throughout the year.”* This would explain the close restriction of the 
‘Eleventh Annual Report. Indiana State Board of Forestry, 1911. p. 108. 
*Deam:—Op. cit. p. 138. 
‘Sargent. Manual of the Trees of North America. p. 269. 
