BYES) 
highway and is now drained by the roadside ditch. It was necessary to 
blast through rock in order to get an outlet for the bog, showing that it is a 
rockbound depression. Tile drains from the bog carry streams of cold water 
throughout the year. Galleries supplying part of the water for the city of 
Richmond oceupy a drier part of the bog. 
The very advanced state of the bog is due, no doubt, to its nearness to 
the southern limit of glaciation and its consequent great age. Few typical 
bog plants remain. The following, however, are more or less characteristic 
of bogs: Rhus vernix, Salix pedicellaris, Hypericum prolificum, Parnassia 
caroliniana, Potentilla fruticosa. Only one specimen of Rhus vernix remains 
and it is dying—a fate typical of that of many bog plants which must formerly 
have existed here. 
Nearly all boreal forms have likewise disappeared. The following species 
have a range reaching far into the north: Potentilla fruticosa, Salix rostrata, 
Populus tremuloides. Only one specimen of Salix rostrata was found. 
No other specimen is known in the region. Populus tremuloides occurs 
sparingly thru central Indiana, but is common in the bog. 
A very striking fact is the presence of a large number of species character- 
istie of prairies. This is somewhat strange when it is remembered that the 
prairie is a formation not at all characteristic of eastern Indiana, which was 
originally heavily forested.. Eastern Indiana is, however, not far from the 
tension line between the forest formation characteristic of the east and 
southeast and the prarie formation characteristic of the west and south- 
west. No doubt after the retreat of the glacial ice there was a migration 
of plants of both of these formations and a consequent struggle between them 
for the possession of the new territory. In some instances the pond-swamp- 
prairie succession or the pond-bog-prairie succession may have occurred, 
while in other cases the pond-swamp-forest or the pond-bog-forest succession 
may have taken place. The last named is the succession that occurred at 
Cedar Swamp. In Eastern Indiana, the condition that finally prevailed 
over the entire area was the mesophytic forest, but it is not likely that the 
patches that may have followed the succession toward the prairie would 
have entirely disappeared. This hypothesis would account for such islands 
of prairie plants in a forested area as we find in this bog. This is not an 
isolated case, for other such situations are found in eastern Indiana and 
western Ohio and are known locally as ‘quaking prairies.’ The writer 
hopes to make further studies of these areas. 
