420 
the lower levels is a jungle of trees, shrubs, and entangled vines, which must 
be seen to be appreciated. 
The plants identified in the region to date number 687. The trees and 
plants most noticeable in the peninsula are fir, cedar, spruce, hemlock, red 
elder, ‘“‘Shallon,’”’ ‘“‘Rubes,” salal, ““Vaccinum,” ‘‘Ribes,’’ Selaginella (‘‘S. 
oregona’’), crab-apple, devil’s club, “‘usnea,’’ bearded lichens, bearberry, 
dogwood (“Cornus nuttallii’’), and oregon grape. Here Douglas fir, tide- 
land spruce, and red cedar reach gigantic proportions. The avilable timber 
per township averages 3,000 feet B. M. per acre amid the high mountains 
up to 59,000 feet B. M. per acre often in the Quillayute region. There is 
estimated to be 32,890,717 M. feet B. M. lumber in the region according 
to the estimate of Henry Gannett, Chief of Division of Forestry (1899).1 
This estimate has been more than doubled by Dodwell and Rixon at a later 
date; they give 69,000,000 M. feet B. M.2 And the close measurement 
now used would likely double that amount. One quarter section in the 
Quillayute country cruised both by the Lacy Company cruisers and by the 
Clallam county cruisers for purpose of tax-estimating, aggregated more than 
30,000,000 feet B. M. There is enough timber in the region to supply the 
whole United States’ demand for considerable over two years.* 
The timber by species is approximately as follows: Spruce, 6 per cent.; 
cedar, 10 per cent.; Lovely fir, 18 per cent.; Red fir, 24 per cent; hemlock, 
42 per cent. 
Geographically, the Olympic Peninsula is parcelled out in the following 
county divisions: Chehalis county, Mason county, Jefferson county, and 
Clallam county. For convenience the area of the timber in each and the 
timber of same will be considered separately. 
Mason County. 
This county includes the southeastern part of the Olympic Mountains, 
from which it extends eastward so as to include much of the Hood Canal 
country. The portion within the mountains contains but little timber of 
present merchantable value. the “‘low country” of the county, however, 
1Twentieth Annual Report, U. S. G. S. (1898-1899), Part V, pp. 12-37. 
“Arthur Dodwell and Theodore F. Rickson: Forest Conditions in the Olympic 
Forest Reserve, Washington. Professional paper, U. 8S. Geol. Surv., No. 7, 110 pages, 
20 plates, 1 map, 1902. 
3See Reagan: Transactions of the Kansas Acadamy of Science, p. 136, in article, 
“Some Notes on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington.’’ 
