426 
of 55 inches. This tree is everywhere free from disease. The stand of 
timber of this species is estimated to be more than 15,000,000 M. feet B. M. 
Description: Tree large; in youth, spruce-like and pyrimidal, more spread- 
ing in old age; leaves somewhat two-ranked by a twist at base. 
Genus T'suga. 
T. heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.: Western Hemlock. This tree is found 
throughout the region. 
Description: This is a lowland tree, with cones 1 to 2 em. long. 
T. mertensiana (Bong.) Carr: Black Hemlock; Merten’s Hemlock. This - 
tree is found almost everywhere in the forest from the shore line up to 4,500 
feet elevation. With the Western Hemlock above, it is by far the most 
abundant tree in the region, being found in every part of it to timber line. 
It is not so large a tree as the other merchantable trees, either in height or 
diameter, the amount of clear trunk is also less. In the high mountain 
regions the tree is greatly affected by disease, but as the shore line is ap- 
proached the percentage of diseased trees diminish to the minimum. This 
tree with the Western Hemlock estimate 26,000,000 M. feet B. M. 
Description: Characteristically, this tree differs from thé Western 
Hemlock above in its having appreciably longer cones.” 
Genus Picea. 
Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Traut: Sitka Spruce. This species is found only 
in the neighborhood of the coast, seldom ever found thirty miles inland. 
It is densest a little way back from the coast, the immediate coast seeming to 
be too damp for its best development. The tree averages 225 feet in height, 
81 feet of which is often clear of limbs. Its diameter exceeds 5 feet on the 
average. This tree seems to be less affected by disease than any other 
merchantable tree in the region. It aggregates over 4,000,000 M. feet B. M. 
in merchantable timber. 
Description: Trees tall, pyrimidal, with soft, white, tough timber; leaves 
flattened, somewhat two-ranked, and spirally arranged around the branch- 
lets. 
P. engelmanni Parry: Engelmann Spruce. This spruce is only scattered 
loThe Indians use the bark of this tree in tanning hides. Hemlock bark tea is also 
used as an emetic. 
