217 



south. On these sides the slopes are more abrupt. This has a verj- 

 marliecl effect upon the tlora. 



The flora may be diviclecl into four regions: (1) The tamarack area, 

 (2) the west and north slope, (3) the south slope, (4) the east slope. 



The tamarack area has many individual plants but few species. The 

 tamaracks are very dense except in the southwest part. Mingled with 

 these are poison sumachs (Rhus venenata), dwarf birch (Betula Americana) 

 and huckleberry (Gaylussacia resinosa). The ground is covered with 

 sphagnum, much of which is arranged in its characteristic hassocks. 

 (Fig. 2.) Growing from among these hassocks and probably assisting 

 in forming them are ferns (Osmmida cinnamomea), Figs. 3 and 4. Near 

 the margin this fern is replaced by the Royal fern (O. regalis). Mingled 

 with the sphagnum are pitcher plants (Sarracenia purpurea) (Fig. 5) and 

 Drosera (Fig. G). D. intermedia being the most abundant in the southern 

 partion and D. rotundifolia in the northern part. As the dryer marginal 

 regions are approached sphagnum is replaced by such mosses as Poly- 

 trichium, Leucobryum and Dicranum. In the slightly shaded portion two 

 species of orchids were found (Calapogon pulchilla, and Cypripedlum 

 spectabile). 



In the eastern part the boles of the tamaracks were covered with 

 Parmelia, but in the southern and western part these were replaced with 

 Cetraria aleurites and Usuea barbata of such vigorous growth that they 

 often cover the branches to their tips and envelope the chlorophyl tissue 

 (Fig. 7l. Coincident with this is the death of the tamarack, but whether 

 there is a cause and effect relation between these phenomena and. if such 

 a relation exists, which is cause and which effect has not been determined. 



Under this growth excavations showed that there was a great depth 

 of pure peat. Many of the plants composing this peat were well pre- 

 served. It was possible to identify some of them as being of the same 

 species as some of the living forms now growing above tliis accumulated 

 debris. 



The West Side. — At the south end of the west side, is a rail fence. 

 Along this fence has crept in maples (Aces rubrum), poplars (Popvilus 

 tremuloides), and a few elms (Ulmus Americana). This fence, as all 

 artificial things seem to do, disturbed the natural sequence of plants. As 

 a result of this disturbance, just north of it occurs a great variety of 

 plant life, which, as one passes to the north, is differentiated into three 

 Avell defined zones (Fig. 8). The inner is dominaled by the poison sumach 



