Mr. Davis on the Frontiers of the Burmese and Chinese Empires. 91 



line of Ava and Siam, it empties itself into the sea below Martaban, after 

 performing a course of more than 660 geographical miles. The map of the 

 Chinese, however, does not extend in any part beyond their own frontier. 



In the Chinese map, immediately on the border of Yun-nan, and just 

 below 25° lat., we find a place called ^ ^^ Tsan-ta, the Santa of tlie 

 English map. This is distinguished by Du Halde with the title of W^- Foo, 

 or city of the first order : while in the MS. map it is merely put down as a 

 j* S\ Too-sze, and there is no chief city to the westward of ^1^ ^» I^ 



Yung-chang-Foo. On the outskirts of the Chinese empire, ^ J^ Kcaoii- 



keae (" where the frontiers blend,") towards the west, are a number of 



towns or stations called by them -|* §] Too-sze, where the original natives 



of the country are more or less independent, and where there is in fact a 

 kind of divided authority, each party being immediately subject to its own 

 chiefs. This is particularly the case of the Meaou-tsze and Lo-los. The 

 Chinese map mentions Tsan-ta, or Santa, as one of these stations, and not 

 as a chief town ; and Du Halde himself observes of it : " Cette derniere 

 ville, qui confine avec le royaume d'Ava, est proprement une ville de 

 guerre, pour servir de defense a cette frontiere :" which description does 

 not correspond with what the Chinese call a Foo. 



The ^K ign Vj^ Pin-lang-Keang of the Chinese map, flowing into the 



Burmese territory immediately below Tsan-ta, is called in our map Pan-mo- 

 heang, and represented as united with the Irawadi at Bhaji-mo, Oi Pan-mo ; 



while the ^1 )\\ ^X. Lung-chuen-Keang, a little below to the southward, is 



named Shueli Myeet, and also flows into the Irawadi. The relative po- 

 sition of these two rivers is pretty nearly the same in both maps, but there 

 is considerable disagreement in the position of the towns or stations on 

 their borders ; and on this subject it is probable that the Chinese map is 

 best entitled to credit of the two. In the latter, advancing from the 

 frontier inwards, on the Lung-chuen river, we see ^^ j^p Meng-maou, or 



Meng-mo, ^ jU Lung-chuen, •^ -^ Nan-teen, and fl^ ^^ Teng-yuc, 



the three former marked as Too-sze, and the last as a Chow, or town of the 

 second order. In the English map, however, the first station is Lung- 

 chuen (improperly written Fou-se, instead of Too-sze); the second Nan- 



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