174 Appendix to Account of Hindu Courts of Justice. 



viz. the forenoon, as most convenient ; the hour at which the king should 

 take his seat after early religious observances and ordinary preparations of 

 the morning ; the manner in which the members of the court are dis- 

 tributed, the king facing the east, the judges on the right, the scribe on 

 his left, and the accountant facing him ; and likewise concerning inauspicious 

 days, on which courts should not assemble. 



To this brief summary I annex a copious collection of passages relative 

 to all points which have been here touched upon. It will be found to be 

 full and sufficient on the whole subject, amply explaining the constitution 

 of a Hindu sovereign court, its jurisdiction, original and appellate.and 

 that of subordinate courts, and arbitration in several gradations. The topic 

 is not without importance for its political bearing, as well as for illustration 

 of Hindu manners. 



APPENDIX. 



§ 1. Resort for Redress of Wrmigs. 



" Bhrigu* ordained ten or else five places for the trial of causes, where litigant 

 parties, involved in controversies, may obtain decisions. 



" The frequenters of forests should cause tlieir differences to be determined by men 

 of their own order ; members of a society, by persons belonging to that societj' ; people 

 appertaining to an army, by such as belong to the army ; and the inhabitants of town 

 [and country],f likewise by residents in both. 



" Let the heads of the family, or the chiefs of the society, or the inhabitants of the 

 city, or of the village, select an umpire, approved by both parties. 



" The village, the townsmen, an assemblage of families, associations of artisans, and 

 a scholar in the four sciences, persons belonging to the same class, allied families, heads 

 of the family, constituted judges, and the king, [are the several judicatories.!] 



" Among persons who roam the forest, a court should be held in the wilderness ; 

 among those who belong to an army, in the camp ; and among merchants, in their own 

 societies.^ 



" ' Men of their own order,' are persons abiding in the forest. From the term ' like- 

 wise,' which occurs in the text, it appears that tliey who reside in a town or village and 



* Or Menu, according to the Smrni Chandrica. f Aladh. 



X Bhrigu, cited in Sm. Ch. and Mddh. 



J Vrihaspati, cited in Calpataru ; Catyayana, in Fyavahira Chintiman'i, 



