Appendix to Account of Hindu Cowls of Justice. 189 



liending three branches, entitled hori'i, or astrology ; gan'ita, computation (arithmetic, 

 algebra, and mensuration), and sunhita, or body of astronomy. The condition, that he 

 be conversant with sciences and sacred studies, implies that he must belong to a regene- 

 rate tribe; and the scribe, mentioned in the same place, should likewise be a twice-born 

 man. To show that the keeper of things claimed need not be so, the same author says 

 of him, ' a man of the servile tribe,' &c.* 



" ' The king's own officer,' is a messenger placed under the control of the judges to 

 summon parties, &c.f 



" The moderator of the court, or diverter of all parties, may belong to any one of 

 the four tribes, since no preference is intimated. But according to the Smriti Chandricd, 

 he should appertain to one of the three first tribes, since the nomination of a s'udra to 

 an oflSce in court is to be carefully avoided, as an offence forbidden.^ 



§ 11. Conduct of Judges, §-c. 



Since it is one of the functions of a sovereign to examine controversies in person, 

 that duty is discharged by wise princes in the manner enjoined by law. Therefore 

 should a king thoroughly guard his realm with care, by the due administration of jus- 

 tice, so will his wealth, virtue, and royal power be increased. Let liim not side with 

 either party, forgetting Yama's virtue of impartiality; but constantly inspect forensic 

 affairs, banishing lustful and angry passions.^ 



" To him who decides causes according to justice, having subdued his lustful and 

 angry passions, subjects flock as rivers flow to the sea. Like Yama, therefore, should 

 the sovereign himself, forsaking favour and dislike, practise the virtues of self-com- 

 mand, having conquered his wrath and subdued all his passions. || 



" But a king, especially, who is careful to discharge his duty, must make strict in- 

 quiry to distinguish right from wrong, because human intellect is confused. Liars com- 

 pared with veracious men, sincere persons contrasted with insincere, appear in various 

 shapes, and therefore trial and examination are enjoined. The sky seems to have a 

 basis, and the luminary which shines in the heavens appears as fire; yet there is no base 

 to the sky, nor fire in the celestial luminary. Hence it is right to examine a fact strictlj', 

 even tliough it occurred in the inquirer's own sight: he, who ascertains facts by rigid 

 investigation, deviates not from justice. A king, thus constantly inspecting forensic 

 affairs with attention, here passes through a region of glory, and hereafter reaches the 

 splendid abode of the sun.lf 



" A prince thus practising vigilance in the due administration of justice, as ordained 

 by law, here passes through a region of glory, and hereafter becomes a counsellor of 

 Indba.** 



" A king who acts with justice in defending all creatures, and slays only those who 



• Dev. Bh. in Sm. Ch. f Vidt. mh'r. in Vyav. Chint., and Div. Bli. in Sm. Ch. 



% Milr. mis'r. in Viramitr. § Cityai/ana, cited by Balam Bhalflfa. \\ Menu, ib. 



1 yurcda,\.(j2 and GG.d'J. ** mhaspati, cAeihy Bal. Bh. 



