Notes to Mr. B. H. Hodgson's Sketch of Bxiddhism. 247 



person Buddha; U, the Vija Mantra of the person Dharma'; and M, that of the 

 person Sanga — and these three persons form the Buddhist Triad.* 



The Bauddhcts, however, differ in their mode of c/a«s/w^ the three persons. Accordinc 

 to the Aishwarikas, the male, Buddha, the symbol of generative power, is the first 

 member; the female, Dharma', the type of productive power, is the second ; and Sanga, 

 their son, is the third, and represents actual creative power, or an active creator and 

 ruler, deriving his origin from the union of the essences of Buddda and Dharma'. 

 Sanga, according to all the schools, though a member, is an inferior member of the 

 triad. 



(2) Another sloca is here quoted; but it will not justify the language of the text, 

 in which there is some confusion of the opposite doctrines of the Aishwarikas and 

 Swabhdvikas. In the triad of the latter, the female, Dharma' (also called Prajna'), the 

 type of productive power, is the first member; Upa'ya, or Buddha, the symbol of 

 generative power, the second; and Sanga the third ;f their son as before, and the 

 active author of creation, or rather the type of that spontaneous creation, which 

 results necessarily from the union of the two principles of nature before-mentioned. 



Buddha and Prajna' united become Updya Prajna ; or vice versa, accordino- to the 

 school, and never as in the text. (For some further remarks upon these chief objects 

 of Bauddha worship, see Notes 12 and 29.) 



I take this early opportunity to remark that candid criticism will compare, and not 

 contrast, the statements made in Notes 10, 12, 17, 20, and 29, especially with reference 

 to the Swabhdvika doctrine. (See Note 16.) 



(3) The deduction of the five Dhydni Buddhas, and the five Dhyani Budhi Satwas, 

 from A'di-Buddha, according to the Aishwarika Baitddhas, will be stated farther on. 

 It is a celestial or divine creation, and is here improperly mixed with the generative 

 creations, theistic and atheistic, of various doctors. 



(4) See Note 23. 



(5) The sloca quoted is from the Puid Kdnd, which is a mere manual of worship, of 

 recent origin, and probably local to Nipal, It professes, however, to be a faithful com- 

 pilation from the Guna-Kdranda J'lji'iha, and Kdranda J'yii/ia. The latter of these is a 

 work of respectable authority, and contains the following partial justification of the lan- 

 guage of the Pujd Kdnd. (Sa'KYa, speaking to his disciple Sarva'ni Varana Vishkambhi, 

 says) " In the very distant times of Vipasya Buddha I was born as the son of Suganda 

 MuKHA, a merchant: in that birth I heard from Vipasya the following account of the 

 qualities of A'rya'valokiteshwaui (Padma Pa'ni). The sun proceeded from one of his 

 eyes: and from the other, the moon; from his forehead Maha'deva ; from between his 

 shoulders, Brahma' ; from his chest, Vishnu ; from his teeth, Sabasvati ; from liis 

 mouth, Va'yu ; from liis feet, Prithvi ; from his navel, Varuna." So many deities issued 

 froniA'RYA'vALoKiTESHWARA's body. This passage is expanded in theGima-KarandVyi'dia, 

 wherein it is added, that when A'rya'valokiteshwara had created Brahma', Vishnu, and 



• Sec Plate II, fig. a, b, c. f See Plate II, d, e,f. 



