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REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 77 
that latitude, however, he states that the Clover often makes too slow a 
start to effect this purpose. Professor Riley also states that it is 
recommended to sow one bushel of Winter Rye with each twelve 
bushels of Spring Wheat, either for the same reason or from the idea 
that the bugs will prefer the younger to the older grain. 
DIRECT WINTER REMEDIES.—Stress should be laid upon the great 
necessity for concerted work in winter time. 
Burning.—Professor Riley says: “‘I can not lay too much stress 
on the importance of winter work in burning corn-stalks, old boards, 
and all kinds of grass, weeds, rubbish, and litter around grain- 
fields, and even the leaves in the adjoining woods, in and under all 
of which the little pest hibernates.” 
In almost every locality the insects will be found to have some par- 
ticularly favored hibernating place, where they can be attacked and 
burned out. The locality studied by Professor Atkinson in North 
Carolina and mentioned in a previous paragraph is a particularly 
good instance. There a little careful search in the fall showed the 
bugs preparing to hibernate in great numbers in the Crab-grass, 
and nothing could be easier in the winter than to burn down every 
spear of this grass in the vicinity of the grain-fields. In the newer 
parts of the West, where unbroken prairie land adjoins fields of 
grain it is advisable to burn over the former early every spring. 
Indeed, this course is an absolute necessity under such conditions. 
Fall Plowing and Harrowing.—After burning, if the soil can be 
lowed and harrowed, the chances for successful hibernation of the 
ugs which escape burning will be reduced to a minimum. In the 
same way, without burning, late fall plowing and.harrowing will do 
much good. 
Gas Lime.—W here gas lime can be easily and cheaply obtained, an 
application of 200 bushels to the acre will prove valuable as a fertil- 
izer, and will destroy such hibernating insects as it may reach. 
Trapping.—We quote again from Professor Riley: ‘‘Much good 
winter work may be done also in the way of trapping the bugs. In 
seeking winter quarters they show a decided partiality for any flat sub- 
stance, such as old boards that do not rest too closely upon the ground. 
li all old boards that can be obtained are laid around the field in the 
fall in such manner that the larger part of the lower surface will 
not quite rest on the ground, which of course it will not do if the 
ground is in the least uneven or covered with grass, the bugs will 
collect under such traps, and during the cold weather of winter may 
be scraped from them onto dry straw and burned.” He has also 
suggested that shocks of the corn-stalks should be made at intervals 
throughout the field before winter sets in, so as to attract the bugs 
which will congregate in the shocks, where they can be burned at 
leisure. Almost any inflammable rubbish could be used for this pur- 
pose. Inthe neighborhood of sorghum-mills bagasse has been used 
with good effect. The piles should net be too large or too compact. 
They should be placed during September and should be burned in 
December. 
Trampling.—The following passage is from Professor Riley: 
*“Wherethe custom of allowing cattle torange during the winter inthe 
husked corn-fields prevails, even the few Chinch Bugs which secrete 
in the stalks are apt to get killed by the feeding and trampling.” 
DIRECT SUMMER REMEDIES BEFORE MIGRATION.—As is the case 
with so many other destructive insects, it is not until they are under 
full headway and in the act of doing their greatest damage that an 
