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REPORT OF THE ENTOMOLOGIST. - 89 
 fruit-grower to grow comparatively wormless apples without com- 
_ bining in the use of the band system with the orchardists of a neigh- 
- borhood, on account of the inevitable restocking from adjoining 
_ orchards. Now, however, with the poisoned spray, the individual 
_may keep his apples nearly perfect, no matter how careless his neigh- 
_ bors may be. The poisoning has the additional advantage over the 
_ bands that it prevents the damage of the brood to which it is applied, 
_ while the bands only capture the worms after they have done their 
- damage, and thus lessen the numbers of the succeeding brood. 
- As in the preparation of the previous article, I have had free access 
_ to Professor Riley’s notes, and to those of the Division. 
GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. 
_ The Codling Moth is originally a European insect, although it is 
> now cosmopolitan. All of the European works on garden insects 
~ -contain accounts of this species, which is called in most of the older 
; ones Tortrix pomonana. It is an insect which is comparatively 
easy of importation from one country to another, on account of its 
- wintering in the pupa state and of the habit which the larve have 
of créeping into crevices of all kinds to spin their cocoons; so that 
in trees, and more particularly in the cracks of the crates or boxes or 
insect finds a hiding-place and the little moth eventually appears. 
_ It has thus found its way all over the United States, making its first 
appearance in California, at Sacramento, in 1874. It is found in 
nearly all of the English colonies, in South Africa,in New Zealand, 
in Australia, and in Tasmania. There is no record of its occurrence 
_ in South America, although, in spite of the fact that it is anorthern 
insect in appearance, it is found equally in Siberia, so far as apple 
culture extends, and in the sub-tropical region of northern Van Die- 
man’s Land. In many of the English colonies it has only recently 
appeared, and the investigations and reports of special committees 
and the laws and regulations which have been enacted concerning 
it in these colonies would fill a large volume. It was introduced into 
America certainly before the beginning of the present century, but 
_ it is impossible to fix anything like an exact date. 
THE INSECT POPULARLY DESCRIBED. 
& The larva is whitish when young, but becomes pinkish or flesh- 
- colored as it approaches full growth (Plate II, figs. land 5a). When 
young the head is blackish, but in the full-grown larva it is brown, 
with darker markings along the sutures. The shield on the back of 
the first segment is of the same color as the head. The body is fur- 
nished with a few very small hairs, which arise from minute elevated 
points, of which there are eight on each segment, two on the back 
_ each side of the middle line, and a somewhat larger one above and 
_- below each spiracle. The full-grown larva is from 15 to 18 milli- 
meters long. ' 
The cocoon is white inside and grayish outside, usually covered 
somewhat with bits of bark or minute fragments of whatever sub- 
stance the worm happens to spinon. The inclosed pupa (Plate I, 
_ fig. 2) is yellowish brown, with rows cf minute teeth on the back of 
- the abdomen. . 
ee .Y 
7 
~ 
_. barrels in which apples are shipped from one country to another, the- 
a ' 
