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~ seems that Mr. Bonnaire had collected a number of oak apples (galls 
x 
> 
_ | 55, 56, he states that it belongs:rather to Staudinger’s putaminana. 
~. . This, of course, immediately suggests the possibility of a mistake in, 
_ nothing but these galls. Ragonot makes no comments upon this 
" ’ . 
Fk ex BAS A SOR a Toa Sg 
% se PVA As 
THE COMMISSION. 
‘ known to feed upon walnuts in the way dese 5 pee 
Brussa, Andalusia, a4 in Italy, also in Austria... The larva of : * 
in the Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung for 1871, Vol. XXXII, pages — ~ 
. 
determination on the part of Messrs. Fallou and West. The Fallow — 
specimen has been destroyed as above stated, but if the West speeci- 
men is still in existence we would urge the importance of examina-- 
tion of it upon English entomologists. ; ine Bob: ; 
‘The oak-gall observation is recorded by Ragonot (loc. cit.). It at 
of Cynips quercus-foli7) in the autumn, and that in the following ~_ 
spring there appeared a single Codling Moth in addition to the usual 
tenants of these galls. Mr. Bonnaire affirmed that his box contained __ 
statement, but his silence seems to accept the fact. It seemsto us, 
however, rather unlikely, and it is possible that the Carpocapsalarva 
in seeking a place to spin its cocoon had either found its way into a 
broken gall before the collecting, or, emerging fromapickedapple, had 
found some crevice in the box a convenient place forits cocoon. We — 
can hardly believe that it fed and develowed on the gall substance. ° 
NATURAL ENEMIBS. 
Almost all orchard birds will feed upon the Codling Moth in one — 
state or another. The Woodpeckers and the Creepers and the Black-  - 
capped Titmouse which run up and down the bark of a tree find the ~~ 
cocoons in the crevices and quickly rob them of the inclosed pupe. 
The Downy Woodpecker (Dryobates pubescens) and the Chickadee 
(Parus atricapillus) have been shot by Trimble and proven by their »— 
stomach contents to feed upon the Codling Moth larva. 0 ee 
A hair snake (Mermis acuminata, Siebold) has been found by sev- — 
eral observers in this country coiled around in the core of infested ~~ 
apples, and undoubtedly infests the larva of the Codling Moth, | 
Professor Riley has five specimens from this source, varying from 6 
to 8 inches in length. This species, which is considered by certain 
Kuropean anthors as but a parasitic, non-sexual form of Mermis - 
albicans, has been taken from several different insects in addition to 
the Codling Moth (see ist Rep. U. 8. Entomological Commission, - 
1877, p. 327). It was first determined f:om the apple-inhabiting in- 
, dividuals by Dr. Leidy (see Proc. Acad. Nat. Se. Phil., XX VII, 1875, 
_ p. 15), who had mentioned the same worm in the proceedings of the’ 
same society for 1850, p. 117, as obtained from a child’s mouth. In» 
his 1875 paper he explained this latter occurrence on the ground that 
the child had probably éaten An infected apple. This Mermis has. 
been taken also by Mr. P. H. Foster, of Babylon, L. I.; directly ~ 
from Codling Moth larve found concealed under bands. x ee 
Of true hymenopterous parasites at least three species have been 
recorded in Kurope and two have veeu bred in this country. The 
European species are Phygadeuon brevis, Grav., Pachymerus vul- _ 
nerator, and Campoplex pomorum, Ratz., all Ichneumonids. The ~ 
species which infest 1t In this country arc also Ichneumonidsandare ~~ 
Pimplaannulipes, Br., ( Plate II, Fig. 7,) and Macrocentrus delicatus, 
Cress., (Plate Il, Fig. 8.). Both of these insects were first recorded 
by Professor Riley, who reared them from the Codling Moth in Mis- 
