Gay MER EM CEN USA PDO Wa Wiesner US, Ser Edy ST aT iy Oy! Tm eS ae Ai (sat OL lee 
; ' “Tia ht bp ait Come GN Lf feat, Nae bere ne Baling ; ; 
kit hecho Ce Tat co clan Oe Ue Maes tc Nae De ae 
el i td AP ee Nl We aS “ A f 
‘s01 i in 1872. The Pimpla is quite a wide-spread species in all parts | 
- of the country and is not by any means confined to the Codling 
' Moth. » Professor Riley has recorded it from the Walnut. Case-bearer 
* (Acrobasis juglandis) and has also reared it from the Cotton Worm 
, 
t - 
- known leaf-rolleron Ash. It does not seem to spin a cocoon, but eats 
its way out of the pupa in which it has transformed, usually coming 
out of the anterior part. 
~ Recently it has been sent to us from Alameda, Cal., where it was 
reared from the Codling Moth pupa by Mr. Koebele. The Macro-. 
. eentrus is, so far as we know, confined to this one host. It is appar- 
ently a more efficient destroyer of the pest than is the Pimpla. We 
. have seen large series of individuals in several collections and it is 
- ascommon at the Kast asit is in the West. It spins a tough brown 
 eocoon within that of the Carpocapsa., | 
_. (There are a great many predaceous insects which feed upon the 
4 ‘Coleophora cinerella, Cham., Orgyia lewcostigma, Har., and an un- 
3 
BST 
& Jarvee while they are searching for suitable places to spin up, and | 
. upon the pups, which are poorly protected by the delicate cocoon. 
_ None, so far as we know, seek the larvaintheapple. Professor Riley 
_ gtates that the Pennsylvania Soldier-beetle (Chauliognathus pennsyl- 
' wanicus DeG., Plate III, fig. 15) and the Two-lined Soldier-beetle 
> (Telephorus bilineatus, Say) in their larval states feed upon the larvee 
- . of the Codling Moth after they have issued from the apples. He also 
mentions the fact that the larvee of a species of 7'rogosita also helps 
~*in this,good work. Dr. LeBaron treats of thisinsect at some length, 
but of late years it has not been found. The species has never been 
' determined. Mr. Koebele has recently sent us from California two 
_ Dermestid beetles, which are stated to destroy the pupz of the 
 Codling Moth. These are Trogoderma tarsale and Pervmegatoma 
wariegatum. Experiments made indicate that they will kill the 
chrysalids in confinement, but as to destroying them in the open air 
on trees we have no absolute evidence. Mr. Keobele has, however, 
been instructed to make close observations upon this point. An un- 
. determined Soldier-bug was observed by Mr. G. W. Shaw, a corre- 
spondent of Dr. LeBaron’s, who states that he has actually observed 
the bug to pierce an apple with its beak and draw out the apple- 
worm, which, however, is a statement which may be taken witha 
- great deal of allowance. An unbred and undetermined coleopterous 
larva was received by Professor Riley in 1874 from Prof. A. J. 
Cook, with the statement that it fed upon both larvee and pup of 
Carpocapsa pomonella. This larva, according to Professor Riley’s 
notes, bore a close resemblance to that of the Clerid Necrobia 
rufipes—the Red-legged Ham-beetle. 
\ 
REMEDIES. 
Under this head we shall discuss only such methods as are of con- 
_ siderable practical utibty, not dwelling upon the methods which have 
». been proven by experience to be of little avail. The remedies /:ere 
~ considered, viz, the destruction of windfalls—feeding and tramp- 
ling—the use of sheep and hogs, jarring or picking, confining the 
moths which issue in store-rooms, store-houses, or barns, the bandage 
traps. and the use of arsenical mixtures, are all simple and more or 
less efiective. In a badly-infested orchard:all could be used to good 
. advantage. rhs t 
hy 
; - of the South (Aletia xylina) and from Grapholitha olivaceana, Riley, 
BORGES) Odie ht ee Oe 8 
\ 
