REPORT OF TIE ENTOMOLOGIST, ~ 97 
cess. It is, however, a laborious method when compared with either 
the band system or with the early spraying of the trees, and is only 
of practical utility in very small orchards, or where only a few 
choice trees are to: be protected, as ina door-yard. Mr. Oliver Chapin, 
of Hast Bloomfield, N. Y., as reported by Professor Riley in his 
Fourth Report on the Insects of Missouri, p. 26, was accustomed to 
send two men with poles through the orchard, who directly tapped 
those apples from the tip of which the excrement of the worm could 
be seen exuding. A boy collected the apples and afterwards threw 
them into a stream or into a kettle of hot water. This was done 
from the middle of July on, Professor Riley urged a general jar- 
ring of the trees with a rubber-tipped mallet or pole earlier in the 
season, and also suggested boiling the fruit and feeding it to hogs. 
Mr. Barnes, of Bloomingdale, il1., according to Dr. LeBaron, 
adopted the method of picking off the apples which appeared to be 
infested, by means of a wire hook attached to a long pole, and pick- 
ing with the aid of ladders was resorted to as supplementary to the 
destruction of windfalls and the use of bands by Dr. Chapin in Cal- 
ifornia, as we have related in another section of this article. 
KILLInG THE Moty.—Although the destruction of the moth has 
received some attention, there is really but one suggestion to make 
which is of any importance, and that is as follows: 
Inasmuch as many apples are picked in the fall before the worms 
have emerged for pupation, the larvee must spin their cocoons 
in or near the receptacle in which the apples are stored for the 
winter, and consequently the moths must issue in spring in con- 
siderable numbers in the cellars or store-rooms where the fruit is ae 
Flying out through open windows or doors, they naturally make 
their way to the orchard and start a numerous progeny. It becomes 
necessary then in May, June, and July, and earlier, according to 
locality, to keep the doors and windows of such store-rooms tightly 
closed, or, better still, fit them with wire screens. 
Observations made during 1882 by Miss Alice B. Walton, at Mus- 
catine, lowa, showed that the insects wintering in cocoons in apple 
barrels in the cellar remained in the larva state, in one instance at 
least, as late as June 29, upon which date it changed to pupa. The 
moths emerged in her cellar from June 27 to July 13, although at the 
latter date outside worms from early out-door moths had become full 
grown and the apples had begun to fall. From two apple barrels 
she raised ‘‘ between three and four dozen moths,” which well illus- 
trates the necessity for some measure to prevent their escape. 
Where it is possible and easy, changing the barrels and treating the 
old ones with hot water will accomplish the result and avoid the 
necessity ‘or screens, and barrels which have been emptied during 
the winter should always be so treated. 
The observations on this point made by Mr, F. C. DeLong, of 
Marin, Cal., are of great interest and place in the strongest light the 
necessity for a thorough scalding of the barrels, boxes, or crates, and 
of screens for the windows of the store-house or barn. It seems that 
on the Novato Ranch there are 31,000 trees on 250 acres of land, and 
that the Codling Moth was not noticed there until June, 1881, when 
Mr. Matthew Cooke discovered a single pupa. Later the fruit was 
gathered and carried into the apple house, very few affected apples 
being noticed. During the winter months Mr. DeLong had mos- 
quito netting put over all cf the windows, ‘and nailed up all of the 
doors except one, the key of which he put in the possession of a 
AG 8(——7 
