100 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE. 
was blessed with the knowledge of everything. In the latest work 
on apple culture that has been given to the public, namely, ‘The 
Apple Culturist, with illustrations, by 8. EK. Todd,’ we naturally 
look for all that is new and important about this insect which cuts 
such a figure in apple culture. Alas! what do we find? The de- 
scriptive part is a perfect plagiarism, almost word for word, from 
an article in the American Entomologist (Vol. I, pp. 112-114), all 
palmed off as original; while under the head of remedies, he con- 
cludes his advice as follows: ‘By keeping the bottles containing 
sweetened water and the pan half filed with thin molasses, with a 
lighted lamp near it in the orchard every night, in good order, almost 
every insect will be trapped in a few days,’ and this excellent (!) ad- 
vice is accompanied by an illustration of a shallow pan with a kero- 
sene lamp on one edge of it, and ‘flies’ as thick as a swarm of bees 
around it.” 
TRAPPING THE WORM—BANDAGES, SHINGLE TRAPS, ETc.—The fact 
that the larva of the Codling Moth preferably seeks shelter under 
loose bark and in crevices on the trunk of the tree before spinning 
its cocoon long ago gave rise to the practice of affording it for spin- 
ning artificial shelter, which can be readily examined and in which 
the insect can be readily destroyed. The first notice of the adoption 
of such a plan which we have found is by Mr. Joseph Burrelle, of 
Quincy, Mass., published in the New England Farmer (Vol. XIX, 
1840), in which he says, according to Harris, ‘‘that if any old cloth 
is wound around or hung on the crotches of the trees the apple- 
worms will conceal themselves therein, and by this means thousands 
of them may be obtained and destroyed from the time when they 
first begin to leave the apples until the fruit is gathered.” 
To Dr. I. P. Trimble is generally given the credit for the discovery 
of the hay band so long used for this purpose, and it is generally 
known as the ‘‘Trimble hay-band system.” It is a natural out- 
growth of the practice mentioned by Mr. Burrelle. Dr. Trimble, in 
1862 or 1863, found an old boot-leg in the crotch of a neighbor’s pear 
tree, and upon examining it he found 16 cocoons of the Codling Moth 
in its folds. This started his experiments, which were made with 
leather (chamois skin), old carpet, cloths, and hay rope. His exper- 
imentation resulted in his unhesitating recommendation of hay rope 
wound around the tree in three coils at some little distance from the 
ground. Healso advised the application of other bands to the larger 
limbs. The rope was fastened as tightly as it could be pulled, and 
in examining it he simply pushed it up the trunk, replacing it after 
destroying the cocoons. 
Professor Riley, in his First Report on the Insects of Missouri, laid 
down the following rules concerning the hay-band system: ‘‘ First, 
the hay band should be placed around the tree by the 1st of June, and 
kept on till every apple is off the tree; second, it should be pushed up 
or down, and the worms and chrysalids crushed that were under it 
every week, or at the very least every two weeks; third, the trunk 
of the tree should be kept free from old rough bark, so as to give the 
worms no other place to shelter; and, fourth, the ground itself should 
be kept free from rubbish.” In his fourth report he advises applying 
the bands two weeks prior to June 1. “ 
In his fifth report he describes a band somewhat superior to the 
simple strip of 6-inch wide canvas mentioned in his fourth. It con- 
sisted of a strip of old sacking 4 inches wide and lined on one 
side with pieces of lath, tacked on transversely and at such a distance 
