106 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE. 
for the spring brood, it is best to use both bands and insecticides, 
each measure supplying the deficiencies of the other. 
**(12) Attending only to the picked apples, and condensing our 
statement of results to the last extreme, we may say that, under the 
most favorable circumstances, Paris green will save to ripening, at 
a probable expense of 10 cents per tree, seven-tenths of the apples 
which must otherwise be conceded to the Codling Moth; that Lon- 
don purple will apparently save about one-fifth of them; and that 
lime will save none.” 
Professor Forbes’ tables follow upon the ensuing pages. . 
During the season of 1885 Mr. EK. 8. Goff, the horticulturist of the 
New York agricultural experiment station at Geneva, sprayed 6 trees 
three times with a solution of 1 ounce of Paris green to 10 ounces of 
water. The applications were made on June 3, June 5, and June 17. 
A heavy rain upon June 5 probably destroyed the effect of the first 
application. A careful examination in August and October of over 
9,000 apples from the 6 trees sprayed and from 4 unsprayed check 
trees indicated that the average per cent. of wormy fruit from the 
sprayed trees was 134, while the average per cent. of wormy fruit 
from trees not sprayed was 354. His conclusion is that the percent- 
age of wormy fruit from the trees sprayed with Paris green and water 
was about 22 per cent. less than from those not sprayed. In other 
words, at this rate 100 barrels of apples picked from the sprayed trees 
would have yielded 22 barrels more fruit free from worms than the 
same number from the unsprayed trees (see Fourth Annual Report 
of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Albany, 1886, 
pages 246 to 248). 
Professor Forbes, in Bulletin No. 1, office of the State entomolo- 
gist of Hlinois, gives a record of experiments made in 1886 supple- 
mentary to those recorded in the following tables. He sums up his 
conclusions in the following words: 
‘‘The experiments above described seem to me to prove that at 
least 70 per cent. of the loss commonly suffered by the fruit-grower 
from the ravages of the codling moth or apple-worm may be pre- 
vented at a nominal expense, or, practically, in the long run, at no 
expense at all, by thoroughly applying Paris green in a spray with 
water once or twice in early spring, as soon as the fruit is fairly set, 
and not so late as the time when the growing apple turns downward 
on the stem.” , 
