134 | REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE. 
of this fumigator is much too small to be used for agitating the air in the tent, but 
the manufacturer, Mr, A. R. Tomkin, informs me that they could be made of almost 
any size, and that the price would be less than a third of that of the Cummin’s 
blower. This is a very simple arrangement, and if made large enough would 
doubtless answer the purpose quite as well as the Cummin’s blower, and at a much 
lower price. 
It has also been suggested to use a common blacksmiths’ bellows for the purpose 
of stirring the air in the tent, but it would appear to be a difficult task to manipu- 
late it in such a way that the air would be drawn out of. the tent as well as forced 
into it. 
In the Culver tent a wooden fan is at present used, being placed inside of the 
tent as shown in Plate ; a fan of this kind, however, will always cause more or 
less trouble on account of its striking the branches of the tree inclosed by the tent. ~ 
On this account it is advisable to always have the apparatus for agitating the air in 
the tent placed on the outside of the latter. 
Whatever form of apparatus is used, it should be placed as near as possible to 
the point where the gas is to enter the tent; and if it can be so arranged that the 
gas can pass into the tent by the same pipe through which the air is forced into the 
tent, this will be a great advantage, since the gas will then become more thoroughly 
mixed with the air in the tent before reaching the foliage. 
EXPERIMENTS. 
Of the following experiments, these from 1 to 91, inclusive, were made upon small 
orange trees by covering them with a common five-gallon tin kerosene can, the 
upper end of which had been cut out, the gas being generated under the can after 
the latter had been placed over the trees. Experiments from 92 to 130, inclusive, 
were made by the use cf a tent having a diameter of 10 feet; the height of the trees 
is given in the different experiments ; the trees experimented upon were orange, 
except where otherwise stated. Measurements of liquid are given in fluid ounces 
and fractions of solids by avoirdupois weight. 
(1) Diluted one part of commercial nitric acid with two parts of water. Took 
five-eighths of an ounce by weight of brass filings and one-half fluid ounce of the 
diluted acid. Confined it ten minutes. Thirty minutes later some of the Icerye 
were crawling about; three days later all of the leaves were dead, while nearly all 
of the Icerys were alive. 
In this, and also in experiments from 2 to 5, inclusive, no red fumes were given 
off when the acid came in contact with the brass filings ; in each the residue was of 
a bluish color. 
(2) Took five-eighths of an ounce of brass filings and 14 fluid ounces of the diluted 
nitric acid. Confined it twenty minutes. Ali of the leaves but only a few of the 
TIcerye were killed. 
(8) Took one-third ounce brass filings and 1} ounces of the diluted nitric acid. 
Confined it fifteen minutes. Result same as in the preceding experiment. 
(4) Took one-sixth ounce brass filings and 14 ounces of the diluted nitric acid. 
Confined it fifteen minutes. About eleven-twelfths of the leaves were killed; 
Icerye scarcely affected. 
(5) Took one-thirteenth ounce brass filings and 1 ounce of the diluted nitric acid. 
Confined it fifteen minutes. About three-fourths of the leaves but only a few of the 
Icerye were killed. 
(6) Took one-fifth ounce brass filings and one-fourth fluid ounce of pure nitric 
acid. Confined it ten minutes. About three-fourths of the leaves were killed; 
Icerye scarcely affected. 
fn this and the three followimg experiments dense brownish fumes were given oif 
the moment the acid came in contact with the brass filings, and the residue was of a 
bluish-green color. 
(7) Took one-fifth ounce brass filings and one-third ounce pure nitric acid. Con- 
eee it fifteen minutes. All of the leaves and about one-half of the Iceryee were 
illed. 
(8) Sameas7. Result the same; the dead Iceryze were mostly situated on the upper 
part of the tree. 
(9) Tools one-eighth ounce brass filings and one-third ounce pure nitric acid. 
Confined it twenty minutes. All of the leaves and about one-half of the Iceryze 
were killed. 
(10) Took one-fourth ounce Paris green and one-half ounce pure nitric acid. Con- 
fined it fifteen minutes. Neither the leaves nor the Iceryze were affected; the latter 
were as lively as ever a few minutes after removing the tin can. y 
(11) Took one-sixth ounce brass turnings and two-thirds ounce pure nitric acid. 
