Spat 
a id 
4 
' 
REPORT OF THE CHEMIST. 
269 
employed. The same effects, also, found their cause in the use of 
4 
first in high followed by low percents of the matrix. 
There can be little doubt that for the best results in general filter- - 
press work, this indicates, as afterwards substantiated, for sugar 
iquors by the use of hydrostatic columns on the one hand and inter- 
mittency secured through means of a by-pass valve on the other, the 
first importance of constant pressures, freed especially from the 
/ 
any given substance fed alternately in fine and coarse division, or at 
vibratory pulsations of ordinary pumps, and a hquid so agitated 
while awaiting the process as to carry to the press, at all stages of 
this, a reasonably uniform percentage of whatever matrix is em- 
ployed, the laws of hydraulics; as illustrated in silt-bearing streams, 
oko again exhibiting themselves in complete application. 
Satisfied that the mechanical arrangement of the large apparatus 
was appropriate to the intervention of a matrix and that the small 
answered to all the essential conditions of the large, systematic work 
with brown coal, under what is known as the Kleemann process, 
Five long tons of this article had been im- 
began on November. 29. 
ported by Mr. Daniel Thompson, through the Sangerhausen Ma- 
schinenfabrik, Germany, which, however, was so superlatively unfit 
for its destined duty, by reason of uneven and inadequate pulveriza- 
tion, as to have required previous and, of course, laborious hand- 
ae aa OD 
sifting. 
It was first sought to learn what relat 
ion varying quantities of 
this article bore to speed in the filtration of defecated but unskimmed 
juices, 
With this intent different percentages, based upon the esti- 
mated weight of the contained sucrose, as the most convenient, al- 
though not assuredly the most rational standard of reference, were 
Ss y: > 
employed with the results which follow: 
| - os 
Lignite, 
per’cent. 
on con- 
tained su- 
crose. 
45 
va =| 
| 
| 
| 
‘ 
| 
| 
| 
| 
| 
Juice filtered per oper- 
ation ; 
Kroog press. 
proximate gallons.) | 
30-frame 
(Ap- 
operation 
imate hours.) 
| Average time of one | 
(Approx-} 
| Lixiviating 
Maxima. | Minima. | Filtering. and 
| empiying. ! 
2,800 2,900 8 3 
2,000 | 2,100 6 3 
1,500 1,600 | 4.5 255 
1,200 | 1,300 3 2 
950 1,050 1.5 1.5 
700 | 800 <td | 1 
| 
| 
| 
Average 
juice per 
press, per 24 
bours. (Ap- 
proximate 
gallons.) | 
10,275 
Average 
juice per 
square foot; 
filtering 
area per 24 
hours. (Ap- 
proximate 
gallons.) 
‘\ 
The average juice per press and per square foot of filtering surface, 
‘per twenty-four hours, stand calculated on the basis of a sixty-day con- 
Here, taking the average weight of the juice at 8.85 
tinuous run. 
pecs per 
i 
ga 
Hon and-its sucrose at 134 per cent., for percents of 
enite upon sucrose contained may be substituted percents of the 
of the latter, as exhibited in the annexed scheme: 
Lignite, per cent. on weight of | 
| 
Lignite, per cent. on weight of | 
juice 
Lignite in pounds per 100 gallons | 
of juice 
45 
4 6 
55 | 35.4 58.1 
70.8 
same on the weight of juice or pounds of the former per 100 gallons 
