SECTION OF VEGETABLE PATHOLOGY. 329 
sift. Apply witha sulphuring bellows furnished with an outside receptacle for the 
powder. ‘the copper coming in contact with the leather will soon destroy it. 
(5) Sulphatine.—Mix 2} pounds of anhydrous sulphate of copper with 15 pounds 
of triturated sulphur and 10 pounds of air-slaked lime. Apply in the same manner 
as No. 4. 
Both these powders (Nos. 4 and 5) ought to be procured from the manufacturer, 
prepared ready for use. 
[NotE.—It is very probable that Nos. 2, 3, 4, and 5 will be found equally service- 
able in preventing potato ‘‘ blight” and ‘‘ rot.” No.5 should be employed when one 
has to contend with both the downy and powdery mildews. For apple scab we 
suggest trials with Nos. 2 and 3.] 
The degree of success attending the use of these compounds will depend more or 
less (1) upon their careful preparation, (2) the time of the application, (3) the more 
or less intelligent manner in which they are applied, (4) the atmospheric conditions 
existing at the time or which may foliow the applications, (5) the number of treat- 
ments made, and (6) the purity of the copper used. 
In all cases where these remedies are tried a number of plants or vines should be 
left untreated to serve as ‘‘ control experiments,” for comparison with those treated. 
Prices of materials (subject, of course, to variations): * 
Sulphate of copper, pure: 
Pi guacnuny, oy the,barrely J jes) i00ii). hla vena <h per pound.. $0.05 to $0.06 
PARE RODAIUY ieee oe evaste os Legit A eer ee eee ory Rare eR ee a dos.s. : o10 
Anibvanes slp hate Of COPPel..< i) 5.5 6. feiss osclee dee eee dere don 28: 28 
«Flowers of sulphur: 
LE A ied SS EAA ered Be Pa dor its 024 
EGEaDARIMEES I M ccie cate Rasa te lotaie w bees BETAS Sera ctanhta ope tette tseee doses.) ul Obitos 22.06 
Ammonia: 
POD Pree ec he kone wesc cme cules sgaeefewemen 4 Os. ar eh sCOubOD aCe 
TREE ig Gide Janes pale cites Pana GHEAEI REO TE TONE CPUC es CRE SER CIEE yn OEROR GOs nk .10 
SECA REE ee Ea en nen per barrel (200 Ibs.). . 1.05 
Ky» Sulphatine, in quantity................... Pa cttesce oth per pound... .05to .06 
NORMAN J. COLMAN, 
Commissioner of Agriculture. 
WASHINGTON, D. C., April, 1887. 
The request that those trying any of the proposed remedies should 
report to the Department the character of the experiments made 
and the results obtained, met with generous response, nearly 200 re- 
ports being received. The substance of these reports will appear in 
the bulletin above referred to. A considerable diversity exists in 
the results obtained, which, for the most part, may be accounted for 
by the diversity in the manner of making the applications and 
especially by the varying climatic conditions in the diferent regions 
where the trials were made. In the hands of many the simple solu- 
tion, eau celeste and the Bordeaux mixture gave excellent results for 
mildew, and quite a number claimed that one or the other of these 
preparations served to check the black-rot. 
In almost all cases where these remedies were tried one or both of 
the diseases (black-rot and downy mildew) had already appeared at 
the time of the first applications. Understanding as we now do, the 
habits of the fungi causing these maladies, we know that our only 
hope is in the employment of preventive measures. If the sulphate 
of copper compounds are employed they must be used in season to 
* Philadelphia quotations February, 1888: Flowers of sulphur, in barrels, 3 cents 
per pound; retail, 4 cents per pound. Powdered sulphur, in barrels, 3 cents per 
pound; retail,4 cents per pound. Liver of sulphur, wholesale, 18} cents per pound; 
retail, 25 cents per pound. Carbonate of soda, by the cask, 2 cents per pound; 
retail, 4 cents per pound. Carbonate of copper, 624 cents per pound. Sulphate of 
copper, pure in crystals, 7 cents per pound. Sulphate of copper, anhydrous, 45 
cents per pound. Liquid animonia, in carboys, 74 certs per pound; retail, 25 cents 
per pound. David’s powder, per barrel (200 pounds), $12.50; 10 cents per pound. 
Sulphatine, per barrel (200 pounds), $16; 20 cents per pound. 
