354 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE. 
with the teleutospores. Some leaves gathered in Aiken, 8. C., in 
April had nothing but uredospores but they seem to. persist until 
winter, as specimens collected December 26, in Texas, still showed a 
large number. The climate may, of course, have something to do — 
with their presence. 
(b) EXTERNAL CHARACTERS, 
The appearance of the diseased leaves differs according to the 
species attacked. On the Peach small, round, powdery spots of a 
yellowish-brown color make their appearance upon the lower sur- 
face of the leaf, and directly opposite these, upon the upper surface, 
the tissue turns reddish-yellow. So far as known this appearance 
does not change throughout the year, except that as the spots grow 
older they may turn brown upon the upper side. The Plum may 
have similar spots early in the season, but later these are mingled 
with dark, purplish-brown, powdery spots below, and above they 
may be yellow or dark brown. The spots are irregularly scattered 
over the leaves and sometimes confluent. 
(c) MICROSCOPICAL CHARACTERS. 
The fungus of this disease, like that of the Beet Rust, belongs to 
the family Uredinew, but in this case the ecidio-stage of the para- 
site is not known. The known spores, which have strongly marked 
specific characters, are formed upon a stroma beneath the epidermis, 
which they finally rupture, and they, together with the stroma, pro- 
ject. slightly above the surface. The spores are interspersed with 
paraphyses (Fig. 8), having expanded globular tips with walls thick- 
ened at the apex, giving them the appearance of immature uredo- 
spores. The uredospores (Figs. 6 and 7) are light yellow in color and 
of a very irregular form, varying from club-shaped to oblong, but 
are most often obovate; the walls are thin except at the apex, where 
they are greatly thickened; the surface is echinulate, but the spines 
diminish in size towards the apex, and are scarcely visible upon the 
thick part of the wall; the endospore is pierced by two germ pores 
(Fig. 7, cc) situated just below the thickened portion of the wall. 
The teleutospores (Fig. 9) are dark-brown, two-celled bodies, so 
strongly constricted in the middle that the cells are usually about 
the same size, but the upper one is sometimes larger, and the lower 
may be colorless in some cases. The wall is of unform thickness, 
and is covered with short, thick spines, set very close together. 
Both teleuto and uredospores have comparatively short pedicels. 
The former have never yet been found upon the Peach, and it is 
probable that they do not occur upon it at all, since specimens gath- 
ered in Texas as late as December 26 failed to show any. 
In regard to the disastrous effect of this fungus on the Peach a 
Texan correspondent writes, October 18, that ‘‘the fungus caused 
nearly all the leaves to fall within the last four week, even the second 
growth.” 
The wild as well as the cultivated plums are attacked, a fact that 
will render infection of cultivated trees certain when there are dis- 
eased native ones in the vicinity. 
(d) TREATMENT. 
Little can be said in way of treatment, and all experiments in this 
line must be wholly empirical. As stated above, we do not know 
