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_ SHOTION OF VE@ETABLE PATHOLOGY. — 
plants always on hand; in fact, so long as you can keep the plants growing vigor- 
- ously there is but little danger from mildew, I have often seen the foreign varieties 
doing splendidly in half-shady situations, such as the north side of a wall or fence, 
; or in the shade of trees, but such a situation can not be recommended as the: best 
because mildew does destroy plants under just such circumstances. No effectual 
different cultivators are so conflicting that the one that appears to be the best in one 
locality would seem to be the poorest in another. Wherever the foreign kinds will 
* grow without being attacked by mildew they are certainly far preferable to any of. 
our native sorts; but my own remedy against mildew is to cultivate none but the 
native varieties, for with these I have never experienced the ieast trouble nor, as 
yet, had a berry affected by disease of any kind, 
- Mr. Fuller names Cluster, Downing, Houghton, and Mountain 
_ Sweet as the best American varieties. 
From all that has been written and said upon the subject it is 
evident that the climate of our country is remarkably favorable for 
the development of the gooseberry mildew and especially upon the 
_ foreign varieties which are so successful in England and where up- 
wards of two hundred ‘“‘ gooseberry shows” are held in a single 
season. Our wild species of gooseberry are better adapted to the pe- 
culiar climate that here obtains, and, even though some of them do 
‘mildew, it is evident that the leading steps of progress in gooseberry 
- culture, must be taken by developing our native stock through judi- 
cious culture, breeding, crossing, etc. The European horticulturists 
started with native wild species and have achieved wonderful success, 
and it may be true that remarkable results may be obtained in this 
- country. This would be striking at the root of the matter. 
___ Until the experimenter can develop a variety that will withstand 
_ the mildew perfectly, the gooseberry-grower must resort to one or 
more of the standard remedies. It has been shown that the trouble 
_, ds one confined to the surface and may be quite readily reached by 
-. fungicides. The gooseberry mildew is very similar in structure and 
habits to the Powdery mildew of the grape, and it is doubtless true 
+ that the same remedies will prove effective in both cases. The 
writers of fruit culture who have been quoted in this paper are in 
_ favor of placing flowers of sulphur first upon the list of remedies for 
the gooseberry mildew. They are perhaps not sufficiently emphatic 
in the statement that this substance should be applied early in the 
season and repeated at frequent intervals for two or three months. 
It is evident that whatever is employed to destroy this mildew will 
be most effective when applied while the spores are least protected. 
Therefore, the remedy should be applied for killing the conidial 
spores just before they begin to ripen and for the ascospores before 
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_ they become surrounded by the thick perithecial wall. The best ~ 
time is when the perithecia are beginning to form and are still in a 
soft, tender condition. Best of all, the fungicide is most effective 
when applied while the mildew is first beginning to establish itself 
upon the host, This would be the application of the well-established 
‘principle of an ounce of prevention eae worth a pound of cure. 
The trouble is a living plant and, therefore, no rule can be laid 
down as to the dates of applying the substance to destroy it. Itisa 
safe rule to sulphur the bushes as soon as the first leaves are fully 
formed, and repeat the process every ten days during the most rapid 
growth of the canes. This rule would cover the period of flowerin 
and the early development of the fruit. If the young leaves an 
stems can be kept free there will be only little occasion for sulphur- 
ing the young fruit. 
RiP Rata OS MS AM CETL 
Pr aet F m 7 he ae St 
- remedy can be given, nor the best locality pointed out, because the experiences of | _ 
