492 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTURE. — 
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are usually present. These may lead to superficial necrosis of th 
are employed. It at the same time accounts for many discrepancies 
mucous membrane and the formation of ulcers if the animals live © 
long enough. ‘This fact makes the diagnosis between hog cholera 
and swine plague far more difficult, unless bacteriological methods 
in the results of former investigators in this field, who regarded all 
infectious swine diseases due to one cause. In the following pages 
- the autopsy and bacteriological notes are given with a few brief 
comments. Some of the earlier cases were not examined from a. 
bacteriological standpoint, as the disease was at first regarded as 
hog cholera by the one in charge of the animals. The notes of the 
hasty eXamination are given, however, being valuable as far as 
they go: 
Pig No. 406, male, three months old, died February 1. Skin of the ventral aspect 
of body and inner surface of limbs reddened. Superficial inguinal glands greatly 
enlarged and diffusely reddened. Spleen very slightly tumefied; on section dark- 
colored and rather friable; on cortex small, elevated, blood-red points. Interlobular 
tissue of liver increased in quantity; gives a harsh, gritty sensation to the hand 
when cut. Medulla of kidneys deeply congested. Lungs normal. Both ventricles 
of heart contain small quantities of dark, imperfectly coagulated blood. Consider- 
able serum in pericardial cavity. Lymphatic glands of meso-colon and meso-ceecum 
greatly tumefied and very dark red throughout. Those of mesentery but slightly 
affected. Quite exiensive, firm adhesions between cecum and adjacent coils of 
colon. Large intestine filled with a semi-liquid mass containing much sand. Patch 
of mucous crypts at base of ileo-czecal valve converted. into an ulcer nearly 2 
inches across. The intestinal wall forming the base of this ulcer nearly three- 
fourths inch thick. The superficial necrotic portion, about one-fourth inch thick, 
is separated from the deeper neoplastic portion of the wall by an irregular hemor- 
rhagic line. This latter portion is streaked with blood. The serous membrane of 
this paich is covered with radiating vessels of inflammatory origin, and adherent to 
_colon. Three other ulcers in cecum about three-fourths inch in diameter; in struc- 
ture like the above. The mucous membrane of czecum and colon very deeply con- 
gested, approaching hemorrhage. Lower portion of ileum contains a few petechie. 
Stomach normal and filled with food. 
This was without doubt a case of genuine hog cholera. The deep ulcerations in 
the czecum, taken together with healthy iungs, are sufiicient evidence. No cultures 
were made from the spleen of this animal, although this would have been very de- 
sirable in the light of future events. The case is given to indicate the origin of the 
hog cholera, which appeared later in the same herd, together with the lung disease. - 
The following attempt to infect another animal did not give any definite result: 
In order to determine more precisely the nature of the disease affecting 406, No. 
303, from another lot, was fed with portions of the spleen and large intestine of this 
animal. Unfortunately the animal was placed in a pen which had been long in- 
fected with hog cholera, but in which the animals had lately failed to take the dis- 
ease. The feeding took place February 1. It grew very feeble a week after; its 
appetite began to fail; it finally remained lying down all day, and was found dead 
February 20. ’ 
Autopsy notes.—February 21. Superficial inguinal glands enlarged, bluish-red ; 
parenchyma dotted with bright red points. Some straw-colored serum and a few 
strings of fibrine in abdominal cavity. Liver dark, filled with blood; right lung 
hypestatic ; right heart filled with dark, partially-coagulated blood. Large intes- 
tine distended with consistent fecal masses. Mucosa considerably reddened ; mi- 
nute vessels injected. Two old, healing ulcers, three-eighths inch across, in czecum ; 
stomach normal ; spleen cultures remain sterile. 
In thesame pen with No, 406 wére Nos. 403, 404, and 405. No. 403 died February 16. 
Autopsy.—Pig three months old. Skin over throat, inner aspect of iimbs, and 
pubic region, reddened ; entire ventral aspect of body slightly so. Subcutaneous. 
fatty tissue tingedred. Superficial inguinals enlarged and deeply reddened through- 
out their substance. Spleen enlarged and very dark, but firm. The small ventral 
lobes resting laterally upon the heart, which are most dependent in the natural 
position of the animal, airless and adherent to costal pleura, which is deeply in- 
flamed where adherent. The smaller air tubes of the hepatized masses are filled 
with a yellowish purulent exudate. Bronchial glands enlarged and congested. All 
the lymphatic glands of abdomen tumefied and deeply con~ested. Large intestine 
empty. Mucosa deeply inflamed from caecum to anus, being most severe lowest 
