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down. In colon and rectum it is covered with a continuous layer of exudate 
stained a dirty yellow and probably diphtheritic. Slight superficial necrosis of the 
membrane. Numerous ascarides in stomach, which is nearly empty. 
This was without doubt a case of genuine swine plague. The exudative deposit 
on the mucosa of the large intestine has never been observed by us in uncompli- 
eated hog cholera. Unfortunately no bacteriological examination was made. 
A very interesting case was presented by No. 402, which had been in the pen in 
which No. 406 died. On February 17 a very liquid diarrhea set in, which weak- 
ened the animal very much. It was found dead February 19. Large patches of 
the skin of throat, abdomen, and pubic region deeply reddened. Superficial in- 
guinals very large, cortex hemorrhagic. Sheath of penis infiltrated with blood. 
Patches of diffuse blood extravasation in subcutis, in abdominal, and lower inter- 
costal muscles. Lungs cedematous, a few slender fibers attaching right lung to 
chest wall. Cephalic lobes emphysematous ; small region of ventral lobes hepa- 
tized, grayish red. Extravasation of blood beneath pleura on dorsal aspect of 
lungs, near root. Cortex of bronchial and cesophageal glands infiltrated with 
blood ; bronchi filled with whitish foam. Epicardium dotted with punctiform ex- 
travasations on auricles, and near base on ventricles. Small clot on right heart, 
left empty. Liver bloodless. Kidneys pale, hemorrhage into membrane inclosing 
papilla. A few petechiz on cortex. Serosa of small intestines covered with 
oblong purplish patches, found to correspond with Peyer’s patches, which are very 
dark throughout. In many there is hemorrhage on the surface. Beneath serosa 
of large intestine numerous petechiz and hemorrhages. All glands of abdomen 
with cortex hemorrhagic. Mucosa of colon very dark, and covered with isolated 
yellowish-white masses from one-eighth to one-fourth inch in diameter. These 
are fairly consistent, and come away entire, leaving a slightly depressed sur- 
face. In the rectum this exudate has coalesced into a continuous sheet. Fundus 
of stomach covered with a layer of clotted blood; when removed the exposed 
mucosa is found dotted with closely-set hemorrhagic points, evidently the source 
of the hemorrhage. 
This case is of considerable interest. In the first place the extensive hemorrhages 
throughout the body have left the organs almost bloodless. The lings were with- 
out doubt beginning to consolidate, and the very important question arose’: Are 
the swine plague bacteria at times the cause of such severe hemorrhagic lesions as 
are presented there? 
Examination on cover glasses of the parenchyma of the various organs proved 
negative as regards micro-organisms. A large number of cultures were made with 
the following results : Two tubes of beef infusion inoculated with shreds of pleural 
exudate remained sterile. Two tubes of beef infusion peptone received each a bit 
of spleen tissue. In both large bacilli developed, either single or in long chains, 
some spore-bearing, the spore causing a considerable local increase in the width of 
the rods, giving them a spindle-shaped or club-shaped outline, according as the 
“spores were situated nearer the center or one extremity of the rods. A few were 
observed to execute spontaneous movements. 
. Two tubes of beef infusion, inoculated each with a bit of liver, contained the same 
bacilli; also a microbe resembling the swine plague bacteria very closely and a 
streptococcus. A liquid culture of blood from the heart contained the bacillus only. 
A gelatine tube culture made br dropping into it a few drops of heart’s blood de- 
veloped numerous translucent waxy colonies, made up of several kinds of bacteria. 
The gelatine after a few days began to liquefy. Two tube cultures in gelatine, con- 
taining each a bit of spleen, began to liquefy after a few days with disengagement of 
bubbles of gas and a pecular unpleasant odor. The same large bacilli present in 
both tubes. 
These results indicate absence of a percepti!‘le growth of bacteria in the internal 
organs. Owing to the extensive hemorrhages upon the mucous surfaces, the vari- 
ous microbes found in the cultures gained access to the blood. The bacillus found 
in almost every culture is presumably some form causing butyric fermentation. 
This is shown by its spore formation, feeble growth in cultures exposed to the air, 
and the odor of the cultures. The animal probably died early in the night, and the 
warm weather then prevailing gave the bacilli ample opportunity to multiply. 
Their general distribution seems to favor the assumption that the bacilli or their 
spores were distributed by the blood current before it ceased. The lesions were not 
due to the bacterium of hog cholera, although resembling this disease, if we ex- 
cept the hemorrhagic condition of Peyer’s patches in the ileum, which we had not 
seen in the severest cases of hog cholera.* Had the disease been hog cholera the 
bacterium would have been revealed in several or all of the cultures made. 
== 
* Excepting in those fed with liquid cultures. See Annual Report Department of 
Agriculture for 1886, p. 614. 
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