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504 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTU RE, cu 
Pig No. 386 was transferred to the infected pen at the same time. It became af- 
fected after a three weeks’ stay in the infected pen, and died of hog cholera April 15. 
From the spleen the specific bacteria were obtained as pure cultures, and inoculation 
into mice produced the characteristic disease, 
Pig No. 366 is another instructive case in which the two diseases were present. 
The animal had been put into a pen in which swine plague had to all appearance 
died out two months ago, but in which pigs were dying of hog cholera at intervals 
of a few weeks. 
This animal had been inoculated into the hings through the chest wall on October 
80, 1886, with one-half of liquid culture of swine plague bacteria. obtained 
originally from Sodorus, Hl. A pig inoculated subcutaneously at the same time 
died from its effects, but the former showed no signs of disease excepting a general 
unthrifty condition. The animal did not increase in size. As late as June 4, 1887, 
it was transferred to the pen above mentioned. It was injured by fighting with 
other pigs in the same pen June 21. Up to this time no change could be observed. 
It became very weak and died June 29, twenty-five days after exposure. 
Autopsy immediately after death. Skin slightly reddened over pubic region; 
lymphatics but very slightly enlarged and congested; spleen enlarged, friable. In 
the cecum and upper colon are from 12 to 15 small ulcers from one-quarter to one- 
eighth inch across. The mucosa itself is quite deeply congested. 
e whole pleural surface of lungs lightly glued to chest wall; the attachment 
being readily severed, the pleura is found covered with a pale yellow exudate. The 
odor from the thorax is strongly putrefactive. The pericardium is thickened and 
everywhere adherent to the heart. The various lobes of the lungs are glued together 
by ascanty exudate, The ventraland cephalic lobe and the ventral (ventro-cephalic) 
portion of the principal lobe of each lung solidified. The remaining dorsal portion 
is dark red, hypostatic. Trachea and bronchi filled with yellowish foam. 
The right cephalic and the ventral lobe have a yellowish-white appearance. On 
section the tissue is found transformed into a homogeneous mass cutting like dry 
cheese. These caseous masses are distributed as isolated nodules from the size of a 
pea to that of a bean, or else in the form of a thick net-work including dark-red, 
hepatized groups of lobules. The left cephalic lobe has not yet advanced to this 
caseous stage. In the left ventral lobe the process is begun as whitish arborescent 
lines with occluded bronchioles and alveoli. The thickened pericardium being re- 
moved, the surface of the heart was found covered by a firmly adherent deposit 
about 1 micromillimeter thick, villous, scraped away with difficulty. Over left 
ventricle a rather pale clot $™ thick. 
These lesions indicated a severe form of swine plague. The intestinal ulcers 
pointed to the existence of hog cholera also. This was to be expected, since the pen 
was thoroughly infected with the latter disease. The bacteriological investigations 
demonstrated the presence of both micro-organisms, the bacteria of hog cholera in 
the spleen, those of swine plague in the lung tissue and pericardial cavity. 
Cover-glass preparations from the hepatized lung tissue show immense numbers 
of bacteria, chiefiy oval in form. A moderate number were found in the epicardial 
exudate. <A rabbit and three mice were inoculated with a little semi-fluid matter 
scraped from a cut surface of the hepatized lung tissue, the former in the ear, the 
latter beneath the siin of the back ; a fourth mouse was inoculated from the epicar- 
dialexudate. The rabbit died in forty-eight hours, apparently wellafew hours before 
death. At the point of inoculation on both ears a small abscess, the pus containing 
long spore-bearing bacilli. Intense peritonitis. A thin, whitish, pasty layer covers 
the liver, spleen, and cecum. The latter and portion of the colon covered thickly 
with subperitoneal hemorrhagic points and patches. Lungs cedematous. The per- 
itoneal exudate contained immense numbers of oval bacteria. In the blood none 
could be found. A gelatine tube culture from the former and a beef infusion cul- 
ture from the latter contained the characteristic swine plague bacteria. These had 
thus been isolated from the various putrefying forms by passing through the body 
of the rabbit. 
The three mice inoculated from hing tissue died, two on the second and one on 
the third day. The latter, owing to the great heat, was already decomposed, hav- 
ing died during the night. The blood of the other two contained only the swine 
plague bacteria ; roll cultures* made therefrom confirmed this. The fourth mouse 
* Roll cultures are made by coating the inside of test tubes with gelatine which 
has been inoculated with bacteria to be studied. For a description of the method 
see #. Esmarci, Zeitschrift fiir Hygiene I, 293. This more convenient method had 
to be used, owing to the very high temperature of the laboratory in summer when 
all cultures in gelatine had to be kept in a refrigerator or ‘‘cold box.” The ordinary 
plate cultures occupy too much space. - 
