REPORT OF THE MIOROSCOPIST. 619 
maintain the outline characteristic of their respective forms, as rep- 
resented in Fig. 6, but crystals of Shorthorn butter are found which 
exhibit the broken outline, as in Fig. 5, which is more like a Jersey 
butter crystal. 
Fig. 6 represents groups of butter crystals from a cross of Short- 
horn with Jersey. The two upper globose bodies are typical of the 
Shorthorn, while the two lower large bodies exhibit a broken outline 
somewhat resembling Fig. 5,common to Jersey butter. 
Figure 10 isa photograph taken by Professor Detmers, of the Ohio 
Experiment Station, from butter of thoroughbred Shorthorn milch 
cows, furnished him by Mr. Chester, of Columbus, Ohio. He in- 
forms me that this butter, on being boiled and cooled in the usual 
manner, presented, under polarized light, ‘‘ quite a large number of 
crystals of exceedingly beautiful appearance, perfectly round, and 
having a very smooth border. I may here remark that Mr. Chester 
feeds large quantities of corn to his thoroughbred Shorthorns, which 
possibly may have some influence upon the crystalline formation of 
the butter.” 
Figs. 1 to 7, Plate 2, represent the aggregate crystallizing forms 
of Holstein butters. It will be observed that only one of these illus- 
trations, No, 6, exhibits secondary crystals. The butter of the Hol- 
stein milch cow seldom exhibits secondary crystals. 
Figs. 1 to 12, Plate 3, represent groups of butter crystals of Jersey 
milch cows. The most remarkable bodies in the group, Figs. 8 and 9, 
represent rather the form peculiar tocrystals of beef fat than to butter. 
They represent mostly crystals of the secondary type, and seem from 
evidence from two sources to be modifications, the result of a feed con- 
sisting partly of boiled cotton seed. Prof. Hdward Mayes, Oxford, 
Miss., the owner of the Jersey cow that furnished the butter, writes 
that the feed consisted of ‘‘ corn meal, timothy, and cotton seed.” A. 
letter from J. Stanley Pope, Tougaloo, Miss., gives the following in 
relation to feeding raw cotton seed : 
Yours of the 14th duly received. The butter is from a milking of six Ayrshire 
cows, all registered. It has been very dry here, so that pasturage is short, and the 
cows were eating a weed that grows rankly here, and it made the milk exceedingly 
bitter. I do not know whether it would modify the crystals or not. 
Their pasturage was Bermuda grass and Lespidoza. They were being fed one 
peck of raw cotton seed per day; no grain of any kind. Raw cotton seed makes a 
lardy butter. Of course feed has much to do with butter, and I do not regard raw 
cotton seed as good feed. 
It is hoped that the effect of cotton seed on butter crystals may be 
further investigated at the experiment stations. 
The crystalline form of butter must be necessarily modified by the 
quality and quantity of the feed, for the reason that the proportions 
of the fatty proximate principles of the plants on which cattle feed 
vary, some containing more oil than solid fat. The solid fats them- 
selves vary very much in their proportions of stearin and palmitin. 
Plants generally contain a much Jarger proportion of palmitjn and 
oil than is found in the fat of most animals. 
OLEOMARGARINE AND BUTTERINE. 
In all my experiments in the examination of butter substitutes, 
sold under whatever name, oleomargarine, butterine, etc., I have 
found but a trace of butter present in any sample. 
On boiling decomposed oleomargarine, generally, a slight odor of 
casiene is perceived, showing the presence of butter, but no more 
