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632 REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF AGRICULTU 
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above named. ees ; ; ba 
Size, small, 2 to 23 inches ; shape, flat or apparently round, regu- 
not handled ; dots, small, indistinct, yellowish gray ; basin, abrupt; ~ 
deep, almost regular ; eye, small, open, shallow, segments of calyx 
reflexed ; cavity, medium to shallow, regular ; stem, short, slender, . — 
straight ; core, small, broad, open; seeds, large, broad, dark; flesh, 
yellow, crisp, firm, juicy ; flavor, subacid, rich, very pleasant; qual- 
ity, very good ; season, January to late spring in North Carolina. 
Orange Winter. Pare: 
This variety originated with Mr. Orange Winter, of Sauk County, —_ 
Wis., from seed of Perry Russet which it resembles in tree, except 
that it is more hardy and productive. The buds and leaves are very 
thickly set along the twigs. It was introduced by J. W. Shoards, of 
Resdaboroagh: Wiss, and given the above name in honor of the orig- 
inator. I have endeavored to have the name changed to something es 
less common and that would not be misleading as to its season, but 
this seems to be quite impossible from the fact that it is already 
widely distributed under thatname. My specimens were from Mr, 
A. L. Hatch, of Ithaca, Wis. 
Size, large, 3 to 4 inches diameter; shape, fiat, a little inclined to © 
one side; surface, a little rough, dull yellow, not blushed; dots, numer- 
ous, very small, prominent; basin, wide, deep, waved butnot folded; 
eye, deep, closed; cavity, wide, sloping, not russeted: stem, medium 
in length and thickness; core, very broad, but closed; seeds, pointed, 
plump, dark; flesh, yellow, rather coarse; flavor, subacid; quality, 
good, but not extra; season, October and November in Wisconsin. 
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THE GRAPE. 
The grape crop of 1887 was very good, except in a few localities 
where the Black Rot affected it; but as this disease is induced in a 
great measure by frequent rains and a humid atmosphere, and as the 
reverse of this was true in the greater portion of the grape-growing 
area of the United States, little damage was sustained. Grapes were 
plenty and cheap in the markets. In California the grape succeeds 
admirably. The varieties grown there are entirely different from 
those of the Eastern States and belong to the species V7tis vinifera. 
There are thousands of acres in a single vineyard. The Napa valley 
is almost entirely devoted to the growth of the vine. I have been 
credibly informed that as much as 17 tons of grapes have been grown 
on an acre in several cases, and that 10 tons per acre is by no means’ 
rare, From what I saw there I have no doubt of the truth of these 
statements. 
Grapes are there chiefly made into wine, but the manufacture of 
raisins is becoming a leading industry. This is especially true of 
that portion of the San Joaquin valley in the vicinity of Fresno and 
Tulare. I know that for the production of raisins this region is pe- 
culiarly adapted. The soil is excellent, the water supply for irriga- 
tion abundant and cheap, and the long rainless season during ripen- 
ing peculiarly suitable. 
