56 Patents jor Mechanical and Chemical Inventions. 
fire. The quantity of this flour used, to be 
regulated by the skill of the workman, and 
according to the kind of mordant, and the 
mode intended to be followed, in impressing 
the colours on the, calico or other goods. 
In case that the whole carob-seeds have 
been ground down into flour, without first 
husking them, the thickened mordant must, 
in this case, be of a somewhat greater con- 
sistence or stiffness, in order to allow for 
the want of mucilage in the husks: one 
pound of the pure carob flour being neces- 
sary, where about 9 or 931bs. of gum Sene- 
gal would otherwise be used; and 8 lbs. of 
the latter may frequently be spared, when 
one pound of the husky flour is used. 
To James Russert, of Wednesbury, Staf- 
Sfordshire, for Improvements in the Making 
of Tubes for Gas, and other purposes. — 
19th January 1824. 
Tue invention, in this case, consists in 
using a tilt-hammer, with a semi-cylindrical 
groove in its face, striking accurately upon 
an anvil, having a similar and corresponding 
groove therein, for the welding-up of iron 
tubes; and in afterwards passing these 
tubes, when re-heated, between semi-cylin- 
drically fluted rollers, and over an egg- 
shaped core, in order to render them circu- 
lar and smooth, both inside and out. 
Long narrow strips of malleable iron, of 
the proper thickness and svidth, for making 
the intended tubes, are to be prepared in 
the rolling and slitting mill; and the sides 
of these strips are, by swages or other 
known means, to be turned up and gathered 
over, into the shape of a tube. A short 
length of this imperfect tube is then to be 
heated, in aforge-fire,* to a welding heat; a 
mandril, or cylindrical core, is to be quickly 
thrust into the’heated part; and then the 
joint, instead of beiug welded by hand-ham- 
mers, or between rollers, as. heretofore, is 
to be placed in the grooves of such a 
machine-moved tilt-hammer as is mentioned 
above, in order to close and complete so 
much tube as has been sufficiently heated ; 
a further adjoining part of the tube is then 
to be brought to a welding heat, the man- 
dril thrust forwards into this part, and the 
welding thereof is to be completed, as be- 
fore mentioned ; and then another similar 
part of the tube’s length is to be heated and 
welded: and so on, until it be welded from 
end to end. 
The tube is then to be heated, in suc- 
cessive portions of its length, as before, but 
to a considerably less degree of leat, and 
each heated portion is to be passed between 
fluted rollers, such as already mentioned ; 
and, at coming out of the rollers, the tube is 
to be met by an egg-shaped core, fixed’ on 
the end of a bar of iron of less diameter, 
* Mistakenly called a ‘blast furnace,” in No. 
XLIX. of the ‘* London Journal of Arts,” a work 
mentioned in the note at foot of p. 533, in our last 
volume; and where, through inadvertence, it is omit- 
ted to be stated, that some account is, within the 
period of two years, given, of every specification which 
the patentees enrol. 
(Feb. 1, 
but of greater length, than that which the 
tube under manufacture will be, when 
finished : this bar, being supported and fixed 
by its other end, in such a position, as that 
the core may enter, and shape and smoothen, 
the inside of the tube, forced forwards on to 
it, by the turning of the fluted rollers. 
To GeorGe Hawkes, of Lucas-place, Mid- 
dlesex, for Improvements in the Construc- 
tion of Ships’ Anchors.—|st Nov: 1825. 
Tue principles of this invention consist 
in forming half of the thickness of the shank, 
and the whole of one of the arms and its 
fluke, in a straight piece, and, whilst hot, 
bending the arm into its proper form, in 
order to avoid the overheating of the iron, 
for making a large welding, which often 
proves defective, and the arms of common 
anchors break off in consequence: also, in 
forming a groove in each similar half of the 
anchor, through which, when the halves are 
joined and hooped together, a cable, chain, 
or bar of the best iron, can be passed, to 
connect and attach the cable-ring, and the 
buoy-rope shackle, in a more secure manner 
than heretofore; and in using a round and 
undivided stock, passing, and being securel 
fixed, in an eye in the shank. ‘ 
In preparing the half-shank, arm and 
fluke of his anchor, the patentee directs, 
that as many of the bars of iron, intended to 
be used, be selected of the whole length of 
the intended work, as is practicable; and 
where shorter bars are necessarily used, to 
make their ends break-joint, as much as 
possible. In the usual place of the square 
and nuts for receiving the stock, the solid 
‘iron of the half-shank is to be bent out and 
returned in a small semicircle, or half-eye. 
Down the middle of the flat side of each 
half shank, a semicircular groove is to be 
forged or swaged, from end to end, for re- 
ceiving the central rope, chain or bar, already 
mentioned. 7 
On the middle of the wooden stock, a 
stout hoop of iron, turned up at its two 
ends, at the distance of the shank’s breadth, 
is to be driven and firmly secured, and a 
hole through this hoop, and the wood which 
it embraces, is to be provided, to match and 
continue the central groove of the shank, 
from end to end. The two half-anchors are 
then to be joined, with the stock laid in its 
place, and kept firm together by stout 
bracing-hoops, one above the stock-eye, and 
three or more on the shank. The central 
bar, with the cable-ring and buoy-rope 
shackle at its ends, and a crown-plate, ad- 
joining the latter, may either be laid in its 
groove. before hooping the two halves of 
the anchor together, or this bar, &c. may be 
introduced afterwards, as occasion may 
require. ; 
The patentee points out, as advantages 
attending his anchors, that two or three 
spare half-anchors may be taken and con- 
yeniently stowed on shipboard ; and a pair 
of them can be there hooped together, in 
case 
