1825. ) 
known and closed for perhaps a thousand 
years, was discovered, in 1823, by the 
French. Want of provisions, and still 
more want of water, compelled the Turks 
to surrender. ‘The Greeks, after they got 
the fortress into their hands, foresaw that 
similar privations might operate against 
them; and having observed some water 
filtering through the soil, at the foot of the 
rock, dug down towards the spot whence 
it seemed to proceed, and soon came to a 
subterraneous stair of 150 steps, cut in the 
rock, conducting toa small square chamber, 
in which was a well, yielding a copious 
supply of fine water. 
Policy of exorbitant Taxation. — Wine 
Trade in TIreland.—Raties of Duty and 
Amount of Receipts for Twenty Years : 
No.of Tuns_ Rate of 
which Duty Duty 
Years. paid Duty. per Tun received. 
1800-1-2-+- +++ 55705 BBL 10 gee ee ee ee ee eee £221,236 
In 1803 alone 6,838 Do, «++ sees te ee eeeee 268,401 
1804 --++++6- 4,949 58% from July 1804-- 230,143 
1807-8-9- ----+ 3,780 iD Wisc MRSA AAR ad 219,240 
1811-12-13----1,999 707. 12s. - June 1810, 152,728 
1817-18-19---- 1,209 902. 16s. - July 1814, 117,952 
Thus, by almost tripling the duties, the 
gross receipts were reduced almost one- 
half ; which may serve to shew that, in 
political arithmetic, there is a species of 
Trish multiplication by which three times 
ten mnake five. 
Produce of the Copper Mines of Great 
Britain. —Quantity of copper raised from 
the mines of Great Britain in the last six 
months, ending December 31, 1824: 
Quantity Quautity 
of Ore. of Copper. 
7 Tons- Tons.cwt. qr. 
Mines in Cornwall ---+-++--++- 53,514 4,119 16 2 
Devon -----++-eesece 3,030 308 1 2 
Various mines, including Ire- ; 
land, sold in ore at Swansea 2,598 25012 3 
, 
59,142 4,678 10 3 
Anglesea and Staffordshire, estimatedat 350 0 0 
5,028 10 3 
The 4,427 tons, I8 ewt. of fine copper, 
raised in Cornwall and Devon, is the pro- 
duce of eighty mines, of which the follow- 
ing six are the principal : 
Fine 
Ores. Copper. 
Tons. Tons. 
Consolidated Minés .........-+...+5 7,767 712 
Bast Crinnis- «<.+ +0 sclitse ts qewesebae 3,677 309 
Wheal Buller and Wheal Beauchamp 3,328 297 
Wheal Friendship (Devon) .------+- 1,757 220 
MMTREIETEICD oc 0\00,6.0.0 b0.n¥ 40 a¥a sigasise bile 4,221 216 
SINIMEDD oc areocceo'ss tv veasganie tee 3,418 215 
Tons 1,899 
C ores are weighed at 21 cwt. to the ton, 
as oe copper at 20 owt) 
THE Smiruriety Civn (originally formed 
to supply “ the cattle markets of Smithfield, 
and other places, with the cheapest and best 
Literary and Misceilaneous Intelligence. 
171 
meat”’) held its usual Curisrmas SHOW on 
the 10th, 11th, and 13th of December 
1824; on which occasions premiums were 
awarded in ten different classes, and eleven 
classes of rewards were proposed for the 
ensuing Christmas. The awards of the 
previous, and the conditions of the ensuing 
prize-show, are now in circulation. 
Rope Bridges in India.—These bridges 
are called Portable Rustic Rope Bridges of 
Tension and Suspension, and they are ex- 
actly what the name describes. A few 
hackeries will carry the whole materials, 
and the appearance of the bridge is rustic 
and picturesque. They are distinctly 
bridges of tension and suspension, having 
no support whatever between the extreme 
points of suspension, independent of the 
standard piles, which are placed about fif- 
teen feet from the banks of the nullah, or 
River, except what they derive from the 
tension, which is obtained by means of pur- 
chases, applied, in most ingenious combi- 
nation, to tarred ropes of various sizes, 
lessening as they approach the centre. These 
form the foundation for the pathway, and 
are overlaid with a light split bamboo 
frame-work. The whole of this part of the 
fabric is a fine specimen of ingenuity and 
mathematical application. One great ad- 
vantage it possesses, is, that if, by any acci- 
dent, one of the ropes should. break, it 
may be replaced in a quarter of an hour, 
without any injury to the bridge. The 
bridge which was placed, during the last 
rains, over the Berai torrent, was 160 feet 
between the points of suspension, with a 
road-way of nine feet, and was opened for 
unrestricted use, excepting heavy-loaded 
carts. The mails and banghees passed re- 
gularly over it, and were, by its means; for- 
warded, when they would otherwise have 
been detained for several days. The last 
rainy season was the most severe within 
the last fifty years, and yet the bridge not 
only continued serviceable throughout, but, 
on taking it to pieces, was found: in a 
perfect state of repair., The bridge in- 
tended for the Caramnassa is 320.feet span 
between the points of suspension, with a 
clear width of eight feet. It is, im other 
respects, the same as the Berai torrent 
bridge. A six-pounder passes over with 
ease: six horsemen also, passed over to- 
gether, and at a round pace, with perfect 
safety. 
A chain-bridge, the first of its kind in 
Russia, is about to be constructed over 
the canal of Moika. It will be executed 
after the design of Colonel Dufour, of Ge- 
neva, who has sent, to St. Petersburgh, a 
correct model of one, which he erected, in 
his own country, last year. 
A letter from Ballymoney, dated Dec. 
24, states that the peaty matter, Ballywind- 
lin bog, situated about two miles and-a half 
from Ballymoney, began to move on Wed- 
nesday last, and has already covered about 
forty acres of arable land, in some places 
Z2 from 
