196 
induced, on their retutn to their coun- 
try, to wear a garment, or in any re- 
spect to deviate from the customs of 
their tribe. Education effected no change. 
The present Governor of New Zealand 
has been solicitous to civilize the natives; 
many have lived in the colony for a 
season, but then have stripped off their 
dress, and returned to their woods, 
as much savages as when they left 
them. 
Task, On what other principle can 
these facts be accounted for, than on 
the one I have stated,—that early im- 
pressions constitute the entire character 
of persons in this stage of civilization ? 
Reasoning falls to the ground, if there 
be no wants or desires that it can reach: 
the mind must be prepared to receive 
instruction,—for if mere impression, 
mere instinct, has the ascendancy in 
youth, it is never overcome—the cha- 
racter is unchangeable. The history of 
every hunting tribe bears out this fact. 
They are, indeed, far advanced above the 
individuals who have lived in solitude, 
but they are not governed, or even in- 
fluenced, by reason,—or the youths who 
had long resided in Europe would have 
had something to communicate to their 
countrymen. Early impressions made 
these youths hunters; and when they 
again arrived in their native forests, they 
possessed the same disposition and cha- 
racter as those they found there. A 
stronger proof of the influence of early 
impressions cannot be imagined. 
But, if neither education nor example 
will civilize a barbarous nation, by what 
means, it may be asked, has it ever been 
effected? I answer; by necessity—by 
the increase of those wants which are 
attendant on an increase of population ; 
and I know not that it has ever been 
effected by other means. Colonization 
does not succeed, unless by inereasing 
wants: the improvement is not first 
intellectual. Mexico and Peru had 
passed from the hunting to the shepherd 
state, and still their necessities surpassed 
the means of supply; at this juncture 
the Incas appeared, and taught the use- 
ful arts, and, from gratitude, their per- 
sons were held sacred. The same bene- 
fits have often been oftered to the North 
American tribes, and rejected, because 
their numbers did not press upon the 
means of subsistence; want not having 
roused their faculties, instruction has 
no influence: for, after living nearly 
three hundred years in the face of Euro- 
peans, they remain unaltered. Turn 
over the page of history, and point to 
the nation which has broken the fetters 
The Anatomy of Speech. 
[April 1, 
of early impressions, except by the 
pressure of want. 
(To be continued. ) 
cee 
For the Monthly Magazine. 
The Anatomy of Srrecu.—No. II. 
[Continued from Vol. 59, No. 407, p. 122.] 
F the organs of voice—some, it may 
be further observed, are remote or 
incidental, and have other more imme- 
diate functions to perform in the animal 
economy (as the lungs aud wind-pipe) 
others (as the larynx, &c.) are imme- 
diate and efficient in the production of 
the specified effect. These, therefore, 
I shall consider under their respective 
classes. And, first, of 
Tue Remote Orcans or Vorcr.— 
An anparatus of indispensable impor- 
tance, not only to the purposes of voice, 
but to all the vital functions of the 
more perfect animals, is provided by 
nature in 
Ture Lunes: which consist of two 
large spongy or cellular lobes, com- 
posed almost entirely of different kinds 
of vessels (arteries, veins, nerves, &c.) 
covering and surrounding the entire 
heart, except the left side of the apex, 
and filling up in their expanded state 
the cavity of the chest; or that portion of 
the cavity not occupied by other organs. 
To the particular sanity and favour- 
able structure of this organ, great im- 
portance is assigned, by popular lan- 
guage, in what relates to the powers 
and facilities of elocution:_an opinion 
which will be particularly examined in 
another place; where it will be shewn, 
that any existing peculiarities of struc- 
ture in this particular, have little to do 
in deciding the power or facility of vocal 
utterance ;—-any further than as they 
affect the general health and constitu- 
tional energy; and that, even through 
such medium, the positive and irre- 
mediable influence of such peculiarities 
is but partial, and, comparatively, un- 
important. 
The lungs, in fact, are the mere re- 
cipient,. or reservoir, for those portions 
of atmospheric air, the inhalation and 
exhalation of which are indispensable to 
animal life; and the egress or flow of 
which (acted upon by the specific organs 
of voice) gives occasion,to those vibra- 
tions which constitute the proximate 
cause of the phenomena of vocal sound.* 
In 
* “ The breath or inspired air,” says the 
learned and sagacious Dr. Wallis, “ fur- 
nishes the materials of speech, as it is re-_ 
expelled through the asvera arteria (Or 8 § 
pipe). 
