348) 
towards the instruction and improvement of 
the primary institutions, and what are the 
results obtained ? A third question relates 
to the history of the progress of the respec- 
tive trades. 
DENMARK, 
They intend establishing an Athenée in 
Copenhagen similar to that in Geneva. 
They have already 300 members ; among 
them, all the most distinguished men of 
rank, learning, and science in the city. 
Patients for Mechanical and Chemical Inventions. 
[May I, 
NEW YORK. 
The Committee appointed by the Society 
for establishing the ‘“‘ High Schools,’’ have 
published their report. The intention of 
the society is to render every kind of in- 
struction to youth, whose pecuniary means 
prevent them from entering the colleges. 
The Lancasterian system is to be pursued, 
and no sectarianism is to be mingled with 
the religious instruction. The studies will 
be principally directed to agriculture, me- 
chanics, the arts, commerce, &e. &e. 
. \PATENTS FOR MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL 
INVENTIONS. 
—>>——. 
T) Mr. Joun Fryiayson, of Muirkirk, in 
the County of Ayr, Farmer, for his Inven- 
‘tion of certain Improvements on Ploughs 
and Harrows.—15th Jan. 1824. 
\HESE improvements are various, and 
apply to Iron Ploughs ; a new form 
is given to the share of the plough, by which 
its cutting edge is made straight, and ex- 
tends nearly the whole length of the mould- 
board, at an acute instead of an obtuse 
angle with the land-side ; at the back part 
of the share a triangular piece or wing is 
introduced, to enable it to accommodate 
itself to the way of the plough, and thus 
cut the clods of earth, and break them in 
a perpendicular direction. Two contrivan- 
ces, to prevent the plough from choking at 
the coulter, are mentioned ; one consists in 
the beam being made to curve upwards, the 
coulter being introduced at the under side, 
and made fast by wedges ; the other con- 
sists in opening the beam by lateral curves, 
the coulter being attached by screw-bolts, 
and rounded off at top, by which any stub- 
ble, or vegetable matter, accumulating in 
front, will rise over the top of the colter, 
without obstructing the progress of the 
plough. The depth, at which the share 
shall eut the ground, is regulated by shifting 
the height of the shackle, by which the 
plough is drawn, by means of a screw which 
passes through its bolt, and by being turned, 
causes the share to be drawn through the 
ground, at a less or greater depth, as cir- 
cumstances may require. The lateral draft 
of the plough, so as to give the share more 
or less Jand, and also to enable it to be 
drawn by a single or double team of horses, 
is adjusted by the addition of a bar, to the 
end of which one of the drawing shackles is 
to be attached. Another improvement 
consists of a kind of skeleton plough, de- 
signed for wet land; it is constructed of 
bars, which may be either square or round, 
set in the usual form of the mould-board 
and land-side; they are set by screws, or 
bolts cradled together, so as to produce 
the general figure of those surfaces; the 
object of this construction is, that the earth 
shall not adhere to the surfaces. but pass 
through between the bars, and, by that 
mean, allow the plough to clear itself as it 
proceeds. The improved Harrow is formed 
of bars, which support a peculiar sort of 
tines with rounded heads, in order that the 
stubble, roots, &e. may be enabled to rise 
over the top of the tines and clear them; 
the depth, at which the tines shall penetrate 
the ground, is regulated by the connection 
ofa lever bar with the carriage of the fore- 
wheel ; this lever is held, at the hinder-part 
of the harrow, by a spring guide, consisting 
of two rods placed close together, with 
swells or bands, forming open spaces, at 
several parts, for the lever to rest in; the 
handle of the lever must be raised to the 
top of the guide, when the tines are in- 
tended to penetrate to the greatest depth, 
and pressed upon, when they are to. be 
drawn out of the ground, or when it is re- 
‘quired to lift the tines of the harrow out of 
the ground, instantly, without stopping the 
horses ; the hinder wheels may be raised 
or lowered, to correspond with the fore- 
wheel, by means of screws, which pass 
through the end bearings of the frame into 
their axles. The last improvement pro- 
posed is a Horse Hoe, or Drift Har- 
row, with similar tines to the former ; and 
scufilers are introduced at its sides, their 
extremities being formed like shares, for 
the purpose of cutting away obstructions. 
To Tuomas GETHEN, late of Henry-strect, 
Pentonville, Middlesex, but now of Union- 
street, Southwark, Surrey, Gentleman, for 
Improvements in the Machinery and Pro- 
cesses of making Metallic Rollers, Pipes, 
Cylinders, and certain other Articles.— 
15th April 1824. 
Tris is an improved mode of casting, 
which appears to possess several advantages 
of considerable importance. It consists, 
first, in causing the mould to moye, so that 
its parts are successively filled with fluid 
metal from a stationary melting pot, with- 
out the metal having to run any dis- 
tance in the mould; and, secondly, ‘in. the 
application of a porous coating to the core, 
provided with channels for conducting away 
the steam and the air from the mould. The 
progressive motion of the mould is effected 
by 
