Ad 
presented a memoir respecting “ A Pro- 
gressive Projection of the Northern and 
Southern Hemispheres, with three Maps 
on this principle.’ A memoir was also 
presented, entitled, ‘‘ Perspective Geome- 
try, or anew Method of representing Ob- 
jects,” by an engineer of bridges and cause- 
ways. M. Geoffroy St. Hilaire read a 
“ Memoir on the Natural Affinities of the 
Fossil Crocodile of Caen, and on the For- 
mation of a new Genus, under the name of 
Teleosaurus.” M. Civiale read a “ Sum- 
mary of Observations on the Lithontriptor, 
or a new mode of destroying Stones in the 
Bladder.’” M. Cauchy read an “ Ana- 
lytical Memoir on Definite Integrals taken 
between Imaginary Limits.” M. Mare 
Antoine Parseval presented a memoir of 
“ General Theorems on Analytical Fune- 
tions.” 
Society in Favour of the Greeks— The 
Greek loan, at Paris, could not be ratified 
by the Greek Commissioners. The Society 
regret, that, hitherto, only the interest with 
which the cause of liberty and indepen- 
dence inspires every friend of humanity had 
been manifested. The object of the Society 
is already known, and a voluntary subserip- 
tion in favour of this great cause was pro- 
posed—this subseription being independent 
of the previous contribution on joining the 
Society. 
ITALY. 
The Academy of Georgofiglia at Florence 
held its annual grand meeting, the Marquis 
Gazzoni Venturi, President.— After hear- 
ing the report of the committee, referring 
to five ploughs presented for the prize, and 
none of the competitors having given full 
satisfaction, they divided the sum between 
the Marquis Ridolfi, and Gennai, the 
agriculturist. A prize was then proposed 
to him who should best resolve the fol- 
Jowing problem :—‘‘ By what means could 
Remarks on New Patents. 
[June I, 
the possessors of the Maremme improve 
the cultivation and augment the produce 
of their country?’? Memoirs to be pre- 
sented before next July. 
Institute of Fine Arts at Naples.—M. 
Antoine Niccolini, Director of this Insti- 
tution, endeavouring to avert all impedi- 
ment to the progress of the arts, has un- 
dertaken to cause accounts of the most 
remarkable ancient monuments of Naples 
to be published. This publication is to be 
in books, each of which will comprise six 
plates, and about fifty pages of text; and 
an account of the trenchings which have 
been executed at Pompeii, will be added— 
and the famous statue of Aristides, and the 
beautiful vase made by Salpion of Athens. 
Thus it is intended to introduce all the 
singular ruins of these two ancient cities. 
This work must excite the curiosity of 
amateurs of this kind of study, and may 
serve to show the progressive improve- 
ment of arts and literature in Naples, 
where they haye appeared to be sta- 
tionary. 
SWITZERLAND. 
Metz, Sth Jan.—Séance Générale de la 
Société d’ Encouragement des Arts et Meétiers, 
parmi les Israelites—held under the presi- 
dency of M. Oulif, a man who has contvri- 
buted to the establishment of all those 
useful institutions of which the Israelites 
in this country feel the happy effects. The 
members of the Consistory, and of the 
Committee of Cantons, and a considerable 
number of spectators of different religions, 
and of different classes of society, were 
present. The walls were decorated with 
the drawings executed by the pupils of the 
institution. The president urged the dili- 
gent pursuit of agriculture, and of different 
trades ;—seyveral propositions were made, 
and many discourses were pronounced. 
PATENTS FOR MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL 
INVENTIONS. 
—[<— 
To Wittam Wuearstonr, of dJermyn- 
street, Middlesex, for his Invention of a 
Method of improving and augmenting the 
Tones of Piano-fortes, Organs, Euphonous, 
and other Musical Instruments—29th July 
1824. 
YANHE principle of this invention consists 
in the placing of drums or vibrating 
surfaces near to where musical sounds are 
produced, so that the latter may be reverbe- 
rated from the former, with increased in- 
tensity, and improved quality of tone. 
The patentee directs frames of wood to 
be prepared, and fitted to the inside of 
stringed instruments, as near to their sound- 
ing-boards as possible; and these frames 
to be covered with tightly-stretched paper, 
parchment, vellum, or other membranous 
and vibrating materials, for producing the 
drum ; in order that the vibrations of the 
sounds, on touching the keys of the instru- 
ment, may forcibly strike on the drum, 
which, in such ease, will augment the 
strength of the tone, and also improve the 
melody and harmony produced, by a suc- 
cession of a simultaneous combination of 
the sounds thus reverberated and assisted. 
In organs, or. other instruments with 
pipes, the drums should be placed within 
the case; and, in order to permit the im- 
proved sounds to pass, with facility, to the 
ears of the auditors, the cases of these pa- 
tent instruments are pierced with holes, 
enlarging outwards, in a trumpet-mouth 
shape. According to the character and 
dimensions of the instrument, the form 
and construction of its drums must be va- 
ried. ; 
To 
