494 
seated colossal statues of Mrmnon, one 
being male and the other female, were, 
doubtless, lion-headed andro-sphynxes, 
preceding the gateway. Within the first 
court, near the gateway, stood the Real 
Colossus of Mrmnon, sixty feet high, 
and broken in the middle. This court 
ave admission to a second court 
(oted: by Norden, the first), flanked, 
as is very usual, by eight Caryatide 
columns, A third court followed, in 
which are now the remains of two seated 
colossi of black granite, the head of one 
of which is in the British Museum, 
where it passes for the head of Memnon. 
A fourth court follows, which is not 
characterized by any remarkable re- 
mains; it was probably, in its integral 
state, surrounded by a colonnade, as 
that portion of it which fronts the 
entrance, and which formed the portico, 
remains. It consists of pillars of the 
oldest style of architecture, resembling 
those of Elephanta in India, with large 
gourd-shaped capitals. This leads into 
the Pronaos, roofed, and supported by 
gigantic columns, much Joftier than the 
preceding, and having bell-shaped capi- 
tals. Another portico, with similar 
capitals and columns, follows; and most 
likely, as the preceding, formed one side 
of another quadrangular court, being 
the fifth: and at this the ruins end. It 
is probable that a considerable number 
of courts, porticos, sekoi, may have 
occupied the intervening space between 
this part of the ruins and the excavated 
tombs of the kings. Judging from the 
line of direction which the series of 
ruins takes, and from the analogy of 
the sepulchral palace of Osymandes, 
terminating in his tomb somewhere 
hereabout, this seems to be the case. 
The bodies of deified heroes, it appears, 
were enshrined in Serapiums, or temples 
of Serapis ; and what Belzoni calls the 
Tomb of Psammis, bears evident marks 
of being the cavern portion, or oracular 
appendage, of some such temple. 
Let us now see whether there be any 
probability (as has been far too hastily 
taken for granted) in the supposition, 
that Diodorus Siculus, in describing, 
from Hecateus, the sepulchral temple of 
Ismanpvis, described, in fact, the Mzm- 
nonium. Norden and Pocock shew 
themselves to be decidedly against this 
opinion, by searching for the remains of 
the temple of Osymandes at Luxore, on 
the eastern bank of the Nile: for Dio- 
dorus Siculus gives the account from 
Hecateus, after describing the other 
Egyptian Researches :—The Memnonium. 
(July 1, 
sepulchres of the Theban kings, which 
are notoriously on the western bank, 
and not far from the Memnonium. It 
is true that they discover paintings at 
Luxore, similar to those which Diodorus 
Siculus describes as being in the temple 
of OsyManpEs; but it is not probable 
that the pictural narrative of his exploits 
would be confined to one part of Thebes. 
The real fact is (and I think, consider- 
ing the neighbourhood of the royal 
tombs, that it goes far to establish the 
identity of the Memnonrum* with the 
sepulchral palace of Osymandes), that 
the very pictural sculptures, referred to 
by the historian, are seen, at this day, in 
the Mremnonium. The modern ruins, 
too, correspond with the description of 
Diodorus. ' 
First. there was an entrance-court 
(after passing the usual pyramidal gate- 
way). After this, there was a colon- 
naded quadrangle, supported by animals, 
“after the antique manner,” says the 
historian; and as, indeed, is observable 
in the temples of India and Japan to 
this day. Supposing this temple to be 
the Memnonium, nothing remains but 
the gateway. The roof of this quad- 
rangle was “spangled with stars on a 
sky-coloured ground’”’—as is the “ Hall 
of Beauties,” in the so-called “ Tomb of 
Psammis.” Another unadorned court 
followed. In this were TureE statues, 
all of one stone, erected by, or for Mrm- 
non the Syenite. One of these was the 
largest of any in Egypt, and was in a 
sitting posture. The foot exceeded 
seven cubits in length. The other two, 
which were not so large, were placed at 
his knees, one on the right, and the 
other on the left. 
This was the famous Statue of Osy- 
MANDEs, on which the boastful inscrip- 
tion, “Iam Osymannpes, King of Kings,” 
was written. This is most likely to 
have been the famous vocal statue of 
Memnon; for the word OsyMaAnpDEs is 
merely a second title for Memyon— 
meaning, to “give a sound.” That it 
could not be either of the seated colossi 
of the plain, is quite clear; for they are 
by no-means so large, and indeed are 
much inferior, in size and importance, 
to several of the colossi now extant. 
At all events, there can scarcely be a 
doubt, that this is the statue described 
by Norden, as broken in the middle, 
and 
* Strabo says, that near the MEMNONIUM 
there was a sepulchre. P, 1171. 
